Clinical Electroencephalography (2nd Edition)

Description

About the Book: Clinical Electroencephalography: 2nd Edition

Introduction of 2 new chapters on Polysomnography and EEG in ICU settings

Inclusion of EEG videos making it a fully enhanced book

Offering as e-book on Clinical Key-India

Table of Contents

1. Preface to the Second Edition
2. Preface to the First Edition
3. Videos and Case Studies
4. Electroencephalography: A Historical Perspective
   1. History of Epilepsy
   2. Scientific Thinking
   3. Biological Electricity
   4. Spontaneous Activity from Animal Brain
   5. Synthesis of Clinical and Experimental Studies
   6. Cellular Anatomy – Neuron Doctrine
   7. Experimental EEG
   8. Human EEG
   9. Digital EEG
5. Technical Aspects of EEG Recording and Reporting 
   1. EEG Recording
   2. EEG Machine
   3. Electrodes
   4. Scalp Electrodes
   5. Subdermal Electrodes
   6. Clip Electrodes
   7. Nasopharyngeal Electrode
   8. Sphenoidal Electrode
   9. Tympanic Electrode
   10. Depth Electrodes
   11. Cortical Electrode
   12. Subdural Electrodes
   13. Epidural Electrodes
   14. Electrode Connection
   15. Electrode Placement
   16. Analogue EEG
   17. Amplifiers
   18. EEG Filters
   19. Ancillary EEG Controls
   20. Individual Channel Control
   21. Calibration Signal
   22. Electrode Test Switch
   23. Baseline Adjustment
   24. Sensitivity Adjustment
   25. Event Marker
   26. Trace Restore
   27. Output and Input Jacks
   28. Writing System
   29. Paper Transport
   30. Electrical Safety
   31. Derivation and Montage
   32. Derivations
   33. Montages
   34. Referential Montages
   35. Bipolar Montages
   36. Laplacian Montage
   37. Selection of Montages
   38. Display Conventions
   39. Focus Localisation
   40. Calibration of EEG Machine
   41. Calibration Checks in Conventional EEG Machine
   42. Routine Calibration
   43. Biocalibration
   44. Digital EEG Machine
   45. Amplifier
   46. EEG Recording
   47. Preparation
   48. Activation Procedures
   49. Hyperventilation
   50. Intermittent Photic Stimulation
   51. Sleep as an Activation Procedure
   52. Special Forms of Stimulus
   53. Drug Activation
   54. Drug Suppression Test
   55. EEG Reporting
   56. Frequency of Waveforms
   57. Reactivity
6. Normal Electroencephalogram  
   1. Awake EEG
   2. Alpha Rhythm
   3. Beta Rhythm
   4. Theta Rhythm
   5. Miscellaneous Waveforms
   6. Mu Rhythm
   7. Lambda Rhythm
   8. Sleep EEG
   9. Drowsiness (Stage N1 Sleep)
   10. Light Sleep (Stage N2)
   11. Deep Sleep (Stage N3)
   12. Very Deep Sleep (Stage IV NREM of R&K or Stage N3 of AASM)
   13. REM Sleep (Stage R)
   14. Arousal From Sleep
   15. Normal EEG in Newborn
   16. EEG Landmarks in Neonates
   17. Continuity
   18. Hemispheric Synchrony
   19. Beta–Delta Complexes
   20. Temporal Theta Bursts
   21. Frontal Sharp Waves
   22. Reactivity to Stimulus
   23. Differentiation Between Sleep and Awake EEG
   24. Patterns of Questionable Significance
   25. Features of Abnormality in EEG of Premature and Term Infants
   26. EEG of Infants (2–12 Months)
   27. EEG in Awake Stage
   28. EEG Characteristics in Sleep
   29. Non-REM Sleep
   30. REM Sleep
   31. EEG in Early Childhood
   32. EEG in 12–36 Months
   33. EEG in Preschool Age (3–5 Years)
   34. EEG of Older Children (6–12 Years)
   35. EEG in Adolescents (13–20 Years)
   36. EEG in Old Age
7. Artefacts and Benign EEG Variants  
   1. Artefacts
   2. Mechanical Artefacts
   3. Environmental Electrical Interference
   4. Instrumental Artefacts
   5. Intravenous Drip Artefact
   6. Respirator Artefact
   7. Biological Artefacts
   8. Eye Movement Artefacts
   9. Cardiac and Respiratory Artefacts
   10. Pulse Artefacts
   11. Muscle Artefact
   12. Glossokinetic Artefact
   13. Movement Artefacts
   14. Cutaneous Artefacts
   15. Miscellaneous Artefacts
   16. Benign EEG Variants
   17. Rhythmic Activities
   18. Rhythmic Temporal Theta Burst of Drowsiness or Psychomotor Variant Pattern
   19. Subclinical Rhythmic Theta Discharges in Adults
   20. Midline Theta Rhythm
   21. Frontal Arousal Rhythm
   22. Benign Epileptiform Variants
   23. 14–6 Hz Positive Bursts
   24. Small Sharp Spikes
   25. 6 Hz Spike and Wave
   26. Wicket Spikes
8. Epileptiform and Nonepileptiform Paroxysmal EEG Abnormalities 
   1. Interictal Epileptiform Paroxysmal Patterns
   2. Spike
   3. Sharp Waves
   4. Polyspikes or Multiple Spikes
   5. Runs of Rapid Spikes
   6. Small Sharp Spikes
   7. Spike and Slow Wave Complexes
   8. Ictal Paroxysmal Patterns
   9. Hypsarrhythmia
   10. Periodic and Quasiperiodic Discharges
   11. Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE)
   12. Periodic Discharges in Creutzfeldt–Jakob Disease
   13. Periodic Discharges in Herpes Simplex Encephalitis
   14. Periodic Discharges in Acute Cerebral Anoxia
   15. Periodic Lateralised Epileptiform
   16. Discharges
   17. Nonepileptiform Paroxysmal EEG Abnormalities
   18. Differentiation of Epileptiform Discharges From Nonepileptiform Benign Transients
   19. Significance of Epileptiform Discharges
9. Electroencephalography in Epilepsy
   1. Mechanism of Seizures
   2. Initiation and Propagation
   3. Neurotransmitters
   4. Spread
   5. Synchronisation
   6. Seizure Termination
   7. Epileptogenesis
   8. Kindling
   9. Mirror Focus
   10. Genetic Susceptibility
   11. Seizure Classification
   12. Generalised Seizures
   13. Generalised Tonic–Clonic Seizures
   14. Atonic Seizures
   15. Myoclonic Seizures
   16. Absence Seizures (Petit Mal
   17. Focal Seizure with Intact Awareness/Simple Partial Seizures
   18. Focal Motor Seizure (Rolandic Motor Seizures)
   19. Adversive or Versive or Ipsiversive or Contraversive Seizures
   20. Scan to play (Video 1) Adversive seizure
   21. Ictal Paralysis (Somatic Inhibitory Seizures)
   22. Aphasic and Phonatory Seizures
   23. Focal (Partial) Sensory Seizure
   24. Visual, Auditory and Gustatory Seizures
   25. Focal Seizure with Impaired Awareness/Complex Partial Seizures
   26. Seizures Originating From Various Locations
   27. Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
   28. Frontal Lobe Epilepsy
   29. Parietal Lobe Seizures
   30. Occipital Lobe Seizure
   31. Reflex Epilepsy
   32. Photosensitivity and Television Epilepsy
   33. Hot Water Epilepsy
   34. Overview of Use of EEG in the Diagnosis of Epilepsies
10. Electroencephalography in Paediatric Practice
    1. Technical Aspects
    2. Normal Variation in EEG
    3. EEG in Neonates
    4. Abnormal Neonatal EEG
    5. Abnormalities in Background Activity
    6. Abnormalities in EEG Maturation
    7. Ictal and Interictal EEG Discharge in Neonate
    8. Assessment of Prognosis
    9. Focal Abnormalities
    10. Neonatal Seizures and Syndromes
    11. Catastrophic Neonatal Epilepsy
    12. Benign Neonatal Epilepsy Syndromes
    13. Infantile Seizures and Epilepsy Syndromes
    14. EEG Ictal Correlate
    15. Infantile Epilepsy Syndromes
    16. Scan to play (Video 2) Head drop in apatient with West syndrome
    17. Benign and Malignant Epileptic Syndromes of Childhood
    18. Benign Epilepsies of Childhood
    19. Benign Partial Epilepsy of Childhood with Centrotemporal Spike (Benign Rolandic Epilepsy)
    20. Benign Focal Epilepsy of Childhood\ with Occipital Spikes (Panayiotopoulos Syndrome)
    21. Intermediate Syndromes Between Benign and Catastrophic Childhood Epilepsies
    22. Childhood Absence Epilepsy
    23. Other Absence Epilepsies
    24. Cryptogenic Partial Seizures Starting in Childhood
    25. Generalised Epilepsy with Febrile Seizure Plus (GEFS)
    26. Catastrophic Epilepsies of Childhood
    27. Continuous Spike Wave in Slow Sleep (CSWSS)
    28. Landau–Kleffner Syndrome
    29. Lennox–Gastaut Syndrome (LGS)
    30. Scan to play (Video 3A and B) Multiple types of seizures
    31. Myoclonic Astatic Epilepsy/Myoclonic Atonic Epilepsy/Doose Syndrome
    32. Adolescent Seizures and Epilepsy Syndromes
    33. Idiopathic (GENETIC) Generalised Epilepsy (GGE)
    34. Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy
    35. Generalised Epilepsy on Awakening (GTCSA)
    36. Juvenile Absence Epilepsy
    37. Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsy
    38. Unverricht–Lundborg Disease (Baltic Myoclonus)
    39. Lafora Body Disease
    40. Myoclonic Epilepsy with Ragged Red Fibres (MERRF)
    41. Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis (NCL)
    42. Medial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (MTLE)
    43. Febrile Convulsions
    44. Recommendation of Treatment of Febrile Convulsion
    45. Nonepileptic Events in Children
    46. Sandifer Syndrome
    47. Benign Neonatal Myoclonus
    48. Benign Myoclonus of Infancy
    49. Shuddering Attacks
    50. Spasmus Nutans
11. Electroencephalography in Status Epilepticus 
    1. Evolution of Definition of Status Epilepticus
    2. Classification of Status Epilepticus
    3. Generalised Convulsive Status Epilepticus
    4. Diagnosis
    5. Myoclonic Status Epilepticus
    6. Simple Partial (FOCAL) Status Epilepticus and Epilepsia Partialis Continua
    7. Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus
    8. Complex Partial Status Epilepticus (Focal SE with Impaired Consciousness)
    9. Absence Status Epilepticus
    10. Drug-Induced Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus
    11. Electrical Se and Slow Wave Sleep
    12. EEG Monitoring During Status Epilepticus
    13. Prognostic Value of EEG in SE
12. Electroencephalography in Brain Tumours and Focal Brain Lesions  
    1. Abnormal Background Rhythm
    2. Arrhythmic Delta Activity
    3. Intermittent Rhythmic Slow Activity
    4. Epileptiform Activity
    5. Periodic Lateralised Epileptiform Discharges
    6. Nonlocalising Abnormality
    7. Role of Activation Procedures
    8. EEG Changes in Brain Tumours
    9. Cerebrovascular Diseases
    10. Hypertensive Encephalopathy
    11. Headache
    12. Migraine and Epilepsy
13. Electroencephalography in Central Nervous System Infections and Infestations
    1. Viral Infections
    2. Herpes Simplex Encephalitis
    3. Enterovirus Encephalitis
    4. Arbovirus Encephalitis
    5. Dengue Virus Infection
    6. HIV Infection
    7. Congenital Rubella Encephalitis
    8. Progressive Rubella Encephalitis
    9. Congenital Cytomegalovirus Disease
    10. Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis
    11. Scan to play (Video 4) Myoclonic jerks
    12. Creutzfeldt–Jakob Disease
    13. Scan to play (Video 5) Myoclonic jerks\
    14. Rasmussen Encephalitis
    15. Scan to play (Video 6) Epilepsia partialis continua
    16. Bacterial Infections
    17. Scrub Typhus
    18. Tuberculous Meningitis
    19. Neurosyphilis
    20. Brain Abscess
    21. Parasitic Infections
    22. Cysticercosis and Echinococcosis
    23. Toxoplasmosis
    24. African Trypanosomiasis
    25. Cerebral Malaria
    26. Prenatal Infections
    27. Autoimmune Encephalitis
14. Electroencephalography in Dementia and Degenerative Diseases
    1. EEG in Delirium and Dementia
    2. Acute Confusional State or Delirium
    3. Dementia
    4. Alzheimer Disease
    5. Diffuse Lewy Body Disease
    6. Frontotemporal Dementia
    7. Multi-Infarct Dementia (MID)
    8. Huntington Disease
    9. Parkinson Disease
    10. Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
    11. Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
    12. AIDS Dementia Complex
    13. Alcoholic Dementia
    14. Pseudodementia
    15. EEG in Progressive Metabolic Degenerative and Hereditary Encephalopathies
    16. Lysosomal Storage Disease
    17. GM2 Gangliosidosis
    18. GM1 Gangliosidosis
    19. Gaucher Disease
    20. Farber Disease
    21. Leucodystrophies
    22. Schilder Disease
    23. Mucopolysaccharidosis
    24. Peroxisomal Disorders
    25. Adrenoleukodystrophy
    26. Zellweger Syndrome
    27. Progressive Familial Myoclonic Epilepsies
    28. Phacomatosis
    29. Tuberous Sclerosis
    30. Sturge–Weber Syndrome
    31. Incontinentia Pigmenti
15. Electroencephalography in Metabolic Disorders
    1. Hepatic Encephalopathy
    2. Reye Syndrome
    3. Wilson Disease
    4. Renal Diseases
    5. Electrolyte Imbalance
    6. Glucose Metabolism
    7. Endocrinopathies
    8. Vitamin-Deficiency Syndromes
    9. Postsurgical Encephalopathies
    10. Hypothermia
16. Electroencephalography in Coma and Brain Death
    1. Pathophysiology of Coma
    2. EEG Evaluation of Coma
    3. EEG Abnormalities in Coma
    4. Alternating Pattern
    5. Continuous High-Voltage Delta Activity
    6. Periodic Pattern
    7. Periodic Spikes
    8. Epileptiform Activities
    9. Low-Voltage Slow Unreactive EEG
    10. Unilateral, Lateralised or Focal Changes
    11. Triphasic Waves
    12. Sleep Pattern in Coma
    13. Alpha Pattern Coma
    14. Anoxia and Anoxic Coma
    15. EEG Changes in Anoxia and Anoxic Coma
    16. Brain Death and Criteria for Diagnosis
    17. Complicating Condition
    18. EEG in Brain Death
    19. Role of EEG in Brain Death
17. Electroencephalography in Psychiatric Diseases
    1. Reason for EEG Referral
    2. Schizophrenia and Other
    3. Psychotic Disorders
    4. Mood Disorders
    5. Anxiety Disorders
    6. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders
    7. Somatoform Disorders
    8. Dissociative Disorders
    9. Sexual and General
    10. Identity Disorders
    11. Eating Disorders
    12. Nonclassifiable Impulse Control Disorders
    13. Personality Disorders
    14. EEG in Pervasive Developmental Disorders
    15. Conduct Disorders
    16. Tourette Syndrome
    17. Delirium and Cognitive Disorders
    18. Substance-Related Disorders
    19. Barbiturates
    20. Antipsychotic Drugs
    21. Antidepressants
    22. CNS Stimulants
    23. Antiepileptic Drugs
18. Electroencephalography in Obstetric Disorders
    1. Effects of Pregnancy on Epilepsy
    2. Metabolic Changes
    3. Stress and Anxiety
    4. Preeclampsia and Eclampsia
    5. Stroke Related To Pregnancy and Puerperium
    6. Status Epilepticus in Pregnancy
19. Presurgical Evaluation of Epilepsy
    1. Introduction
    2. Defining Drug-Resistant Epilepsy
    3. Surgically Remediable Epilepsy Syndromes
    4. Concept of Presurgical Evaluation
    5. Comprehensive Epilepsy Care Facility
    6. Process of Presurgical Evaluation
    7. Clinical Evaluation
    8. Long-Term Video EEG Monitoring
    9. Scan to play (Video 7: Case 1) Semiology of classical left mesial temporal lobe seizure
    10. Scan to play (Video 8: Case 2) Asymmetrical tonic seizure of left mesial frontal (supplementary motor area) origin
    11. Scan to play (Video 9: Case 3) Bilateral tonic seizure of left mesial frontal origin
    12. Scan to play (Video 10: Case 4) Extratemporal seizure of uncertain lateralization and localization
    13. Structural Imaging
    14. Functional MRI and Simultaneous
    15. EEG–Functional MRI
    16. Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography and Positron Emission Tomography
    17. Magnetoencephalography and Magnetic Source Imaging
    18. EEG Source Imaging
    19. Neuropsychological Evaluation and Wada Test
    20. Intracranial Monitoring
    21. Presurgical Evaluation in Resource-Poor Settings
    22. Conclusions
20. Overview of EEG: Use and Abuse
    1. Diagnosis of Epilepsy
    2. Diagnostic Specificity
    3. EEG in Differential Diagnosis of Seizures
    4. Scan to play (Video 11) Semiology of psychogenic nonepileptic seizure induced by suggestion
    5. EEG in Special Situations
    6. Severity of Epilepsy and Assessment of Therapy
    7. EEG in Drug Withdrawal
    8. Presurgical Evaluation
    9. Febrile Convulsions
    10. Psychiatric Disorder
    11. Transient Cognitive Impairment (TCI) During Epileptiform Discharges
    12. Driving and Flying
21. Laboratory Evaluation of Sleep Disorders
    1. Introduction
    2. Development of Polysomnography
    3. Anatomy and Physiology of Sleep
    4. Polysomnography
    5. Sleep Staging
    6. Sleep Architecture (Hypnogram)
    7. Physiological Assessment
    8. Respiratory Scoring
    9. Periodic Limb Movement Scoring
    10. Additional Recordings
    11. Indication of PSG
    12. Artefacts and Pitfalls of PSG
    13. Running the Test
    14. Additional Sleep Studies
    15. Multiple Sleep Latency Test
    16. Maintenance of Wakefulness Test
    17. Suggested Immobilisation Test
    18. Actigraphy
    19. Clinical Application of Sleep Medicine
    20. Narcolepsy and Hypersomnia
    21. Parasomnias
    22. Scan to play (Video 12) REM sleep behavioural disorder
    23. Apnoea–Hypopnoea Syndrome
    24. Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders
    25. Sleep-Related Movement Disorders
    26. Periodic Limb Movement in Sleep and Periodic Limb Movement Disorder
    27. Neurodegenerative Disorders
    28. Neuromuscular Disease
    29. Epilepsy and Sleep
    30. Sleep and Comorbid Neurological Disorders
    31. Headache and Sleep
22. Index