Complications of Temporomandibular Joint Surgery

Description

This book provides detailed guidance on the recognition and treatment of the complications most frequently encountered in patients who undergo temporomandibular joint surgery. Evidence-based guidelines are referred to whenever possible, and when such guidelines are lacking, the preferred current approaches to diagnosis and management are described. In addition, the pathophysiology of each complication is discussed and advice offered on how to ensure that the correct surgical procedure is chosen for the individual patient, thereby minimizing the risk of complications. Illustrative cases are included to further highlight key points. The authors are experienced surgeons and pioneers in the field of temporomandibular joint surgery. Complications of Temporomandibular Joint Surgery will be of value for all who work in this technically very challenging field and regularly have to deal with the issues posed by a difficult patient population and the risk of suboptimal outcomes.

Table of Contents

1. Failure to Make the Correct Diagnosis: Part I – A Neurologist’s Perspective
2. Introduction
3. Epidemiology
4. Pathophysiology
5. Migraine
6. Tension-Type Headache (TTH)
7. Chronic Daily Headache
8. Trigeminal Neuralgia
9. Persistent Idiopathic Facial Pain
10. Cluster Headache
11. Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgia
12. Giant Cell Arteritis
13. Neoplasm
14. Cervicogenic Headache
15. Temporomandibular Disorder Headache
16. Case Scenarios
17. Case Explanations
18. Failure to Make the Correct Diagnosis: Part II – A Physical Therapist’s Perspective
19. Introduction
20. Diagnosing Headache and Facial Pain
21. Diagnostic Tests
22. Treatment
23. Biopsychosocial Issues
24. Neck Pain
25. Failure to Make the Correct Diagnosis: Part III – A Surgeon’s Perspective
26. Introduction
27. Making the Correct Diagnosis
28. The Diagnostic Challenge
29. Arthralgia
30. Enlarged Condyle
31. Small Condyle
32. Clinical Conditions Mimicking TMJ Closed Lock
33. Increased or Normal Mouth Opening with Locked Jaw
34. Perforation of the External Auditory Canal or Middle Cranial Fossa
35. Introduction
36. Perforation of the External Auditory Canal (EAC)
37. Pathophysiology
38. Potential Sequelae of Puncture into the EAC
39. Prevention of the Complication
40. Open TMJ Surgery
41. Arthroscopic TMJ Surgery
42. Puncture Site
43. Puncture Direction
44. Puncture Depth
45. Puncture Force
46. Recognition and Diagnosis of the Complication
47. Management of the Complication
48. Injury Isolated to EAC Wall
49. Puncture and Perforation of the Tympanic Membrane
50. Initial Medical Management
51. Perforation of the Glenoid Fossa into the Middle Cranial Cavity
52. Pathophysiology of the Complication
53. Sequelae of Perforating into the Middle Cranial Fossa
54. Prevention of the Complication
55. Open TMJ Surgery
56. Arthroscopic TMJ Surgery
57. Puncture Site
58. Puncture Direction
59. Puncture Depth
60. Puncture Force
61. Recognition and Diagnosis of the Complication
62. Management of the Complication
63. Bone Perforation Only
64. Bleeding and Extradural/Subdural Hematoma
65. Dural Tear and CSF Leak
66. Facial Nerve Injury
67. Introduction
68. Pathophysiology
69. TMJ Procedures and Risk for Facial Nerve Injury
70. Arthrocentesis and Arthroscopy
71. Open TMJ Procedures
72. Prevention of the Facial Nerve Injury
73. Facial Nerve Monitoring
74. Surgical Approaches to the TMJ to Avoid Facial Nerve Injury
75. Recognition and Diagnosis
76. Management of Facial Nerve Injury
77. Nonsurgical Techniques
78. Surgical Techniques
79. Frey Syndrome
80. Introduction
81. Pathophysiology
82. Frey Syndrome and the Temporomandibular Joint
83. Diagnostic Testing
84. Treatment
85. Neuropathic Pain and Chronic Opioid Use
86. Introduction
87. Pathophysiology
88. Stimulus-Evoked Pain
89. Stimulus-Independent Pain
90. Prevention of Neuropathic Pain in Temporomandibular Joint Surgery
91. Recognition of Neuropathic Pain in Temporomandibular Joint Surgery
92. Diagnosis of Neuropathic Pain in Temporomandibular Joint Surgery
93. Management of Neuropathic Pain
94. Chronic Opioid Use
95. Opioid Tolerance
96. Pain Ladder
97. Is There an Opioid Benefit?
98. Opioid-Related Adverse Events
99. Adverse Drug-Related Behavior
100. Recommendations
101. Massive Hemorrhage
102. Introduction
103. Anatomy
104. Preoperative Evaluation
105. Surgical Techniques to Avoid Vessel Injury
106. Intraoperative Management of Massive Hemorrhage
107. References
108. Diagnosis and Management of TMJ Heterotopic Bone and Ankylosis
109. Introduction
110. Etiology
111. Diagnosis
112. Treatment Options
113. Nonsurgical Options
114. Gap Arthroplasty and Grafts
115. Fat Grafts
116. Ankylosis in Autogenous Reconstruction Versus Total Joint Prostheses (TJP)
117. Surgical Protocol for Managing Heterotopic Bone
118. Surgical Protocol for Managing TMJ Ankylosis
119. Pediatric Considerations
120. Case Presentation
121. Infection Following Total Joint Replacement
122. Introduction
123. Pathophysiology
124. Prevention
125. Preoperative Considerations
126. Nutrition
127. Systemic Disease Control
128. Smoking
129. Preexisting Remote Site Infections
130. Perioperative Considerations
131. Skin
132. Pre-incision Antibiotic Prophylaxis
133. Anesthesia
134. Eyes
135. Hair
136. Ear
137. Oral Cavity
138. Pre-incision Skin Preparation
139. Intraoperative Considerations
140. Incisions
141. Parotid Gland
142. TMJ TJR Components
143. Hemostasis, Irrigation and Drains
144. Postoperative Considerations
145. Auditory Canal
146. Pressure Dressing
147. Postimplantation Antibiotics
148. Nosocomial Infections
149. Discharge Considerations and Information
150. Postoperative Infection
151. Diagnosis
152. Early TMJ TJR PJI
153. Delayed TMJ TJR PJI
154. Iatrogenic Degenerative Joint Disease
155. Arthrocentesis and Arthroscopy
156. Arthrocentesis
157. Arthroscopy
158. Open Procedures
159. Open Discopexy
160. Open Discectomy with and Without Interpositional Grafting
161. Total Joint Replacement (TJR)

Editor Biography

Gary F. Bouloux, MD, DDS, MDSc, FRACDS, FRACDS(OMS), is an Associate Professor in the Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, where he is Director of Research and Residency Program Director. He is a Consultant Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon at the Veterans Administration Hospital, Atlanta, and Children’s HealthCare of Atlanta and is also Chief of Service, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta. Dr. Bouloux is a board member of the American Society of Temporomandibular Joint Surgeons and Co-chair of the society’s Scientific Program Committee. He was Scientific Program Chair for the annual meeting of the American Society of Temporomandibular Joint Surgeons in each of the years from 2011 to 2014 as well as for the Annual Scientific Meeting of the American Association of Dental Research, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Section in 2008. Dr. Bouloux holds various committee positions with the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. He is a member of the editorial board for the Journal of Implant and Advanced Clinical Dentistry and is the author of approximately 30 publications, including original and review articles in peer-reviewed journals and book chapters.