Craniofacial Distraction

Description

This book, edited by a leading pioneer of craniofacial distraction, summarizes the progress achieved in the field in a way that will serve the needs of the practicing clinician. All components of the craniofacial anatomy are covered and all topics are discussed in depth: clinical and anatomic pathology, diagnostic studies, treatment protocols, preoperative planning (including the latest virtual programs), device selection, operating room technical considerations, postoperative management, and intermediate/long-term follow-up. Relevant and timely studies from the literature are cited. The book is excellently illustrated, with many patient photos, radiographs, and drawings. Craniofacial Distraction will be a superb, up-to-date resource for a wide range of practitioners, including maxillofacial surgeons, craniofacial surgeons, plastic surgeons, head and neck surgeons, pediatric surgeons, orthodontists, prosthodontists, and pedodontists.

Table of Contents

1. Craniofacial Distraction: A Personal Odyssey
2. The Biomedical Research of Today Is the Clinical Medicine of Tomorrow. Without It the Clinical
3. Glossary
4. References
5. Distraction Osteogenesis: Biologic and Biomechanical Principles
6. A Brief History
7. Classification of Distraction Osteogenesis
8. Phases of Distraction Osteogenesis
9. Biology of Bone Formation, Fracture Healing, and Distraction Osteogenesis
10. Pathways of Bone Development
11. Pathways of Appendicular Bone Fracture Healing
12. Pathways of Craniofacial Skeletal Fracture Healing
13. Physiologic Aspects of Distraction Osteogenesis on Bone Healing
14. Molecular Aspects of Distraction Osteogenesis on Bone Healing
15. Angiogenesis in Distraction Osteogenesis
16. Contrasting Bone Formation by Fracture Healing and Distraction Osteogenesis
17. Biomechanics of Distraction Osteogenesis
18. Mechanotransduction and Mechanocoupling
19. Advances of Distraction Osteogenesis in the Craniofacial Skeleton
20. References
21. Distraction of the Mandible
22. Bilateral Mandibular Distraction
23. Pathology
24. Pierre Robin Sequence (PRS)
25. Bilateral Craniofacial Microsomia (BCFM)
26. Treacher Collins Syndrome (TCS)
27. Indications
28. Absolute Indications
29. Controversial Indications
30. Preoperative Assessment
31. Age of Patient/Patient and Family Cooperation
32. Health of Patient
33. Respiratory Status/OSA
34. Alimentation
35. Bone Volume and Blood Supply
36. Dentition
37. Concomitant Temporomandibular Joint Disorder (TMJD) or TMJ Ankylosis
38. Associated Maxillary Deficiency
39. Orthodontic Assessment
40. Preoperative Planning
41. Operative Technique
42. Postoperative Management
43. Case Examples (Figs. 3.16, 3.17, 3.18, 3.19, 3.20, 3.21, and 3.22)
44. Complications
45. Outcomes/Longitudinal Studies
46. Unilateral Mandibular Distraction
47. Pathology
48. Indications
49. Absolute Indications
50. Controversial Indications
51. Preoperative Assessment
52. Orthodontic Assessment
53. Preoperative Planning
54. Operative Technique
55. Postoperative Management
56. Case Examples (Figs. 3.27, 3.28, 3.29, and 3.30)
57. Complications
58. Outcomes/Longitudinal Studies
59. References
60. Mandibular Distraction, Orthodontic Considerations
61. Introduction
62. Preoperative Evaluation
63. Diagnostic Records
64. Selection of Distraction Device
65. Pre-distraction Orthodontic Therapy
66. Selection of Vectors of Distraction
67. Horizontal Vector Device Placement
68. Vertical Vector Device Placement
69. Oblique Vector Device Placement
70. 3D Planning of Distraction
71. Orthodontic Therapy During the Activation Phase
72. Molding of the Generate
73. Orthodontic Therapy During the Consolidation Phase
74. Orthodontic Therapy Post-Consolidation Phase
75. Long-Term Outcome of Mandibular Distraction
76. References
77. Intraoral Mandibular Distraction
78. Mandibular Widening by Distraction
79. Preoperative Assessment
80. Dental Model Analysis
81. Soft Tissue Skeletal Analysis
82. Surgical Planning
83. Widening the Symphysis or Parasymphyseal Region
84. Combined Mandibular Widening and Genioplasty
85. Distraction Protocol [2, 5, 7–13]
86. Variables
87. Postoperative Care
88. Mandibular Lengthening by Distraction
89. Clinical Indications
90. Surgical Procedures [19–26]
91. Ramus Sagittal Split Osteotomy [19–25]
92. Body Osteotomy (Anterior to the Mental Nerve) [19–26]
93. Postoperative Considerations
94. Postsurgical Orthodontics
95. Horizontal Ramus Osteotomy [19–26]
96. Combinations
97. Bone Transport by Intraoral Distraction
98. Indications
99. Preoperative Planning
100. Principles
101. Multifocal Distraction [35–37]
102. Distraction Protocol
103. Docking Site Surgery [32, 38–44] (Fig. 5.10)
104. Dental Implants in Bone Transport
105. References
106. Distraction of the Maxilla (Le Fort I)
107. Indications
108. Internal Devices vs. External Devices
109. Preoperative Planning
110. Operative Technique
111. Postoperative Care and Orthodontic Manipulation
112. Complications
113. Outcomes
114. References
115. Distraction of the Midface: Le Fort III and Monobloc
116. Pathology
117. Indications
118. Preoperative Assessment
119. Physical Examination
120. Ophthalmology Assessment
121. Respiratory Evaluation
122. Photography
123. Cephalograms
124. CT Scans
125. Other Key Variables
126. Age of Patient
127. General Health
128. Bone Volume/Quality
129. Orthodontic Assessment
130. Preoperative Surgical Planning
131. Operative Technique
132. Monobloc Distraction (Fig. 7.4)
133. Le Fort III Distraction (Subcranial) (Fig. 7.6)
134. Vector Control
135. Variations in Technique
136. Postoperative Period
137. Latency
138. Activation
139. Consolidation
140. Orthodontic Management/Molding of Generate
141. Le Fort III Case Reports (Figs. 7.12, 7.13, 7.14, 7.15, 7.16, 7.17, 7.18, 7.19, 7.20, 7.21 and
142. Monobloc Case Reports (Figs. 7.23 and 7.24)
143. Complications
144. Clinical Outcomes/Longitudinal Follow-Up
145. References
146. Facial Bipartition Distraction
147. Introduction
148. Bipartition Distraction Technique
149. Presurgical Orthodontic Preparation
150. Surgical Technique
151. Outcomes of Bipartition Distraction
152. Postoperative Occlusal Issues
153. Complications
154. Geometric Morphometrics
155. Alternative Surgical Approaches to Correct the Apert Face
156. References
157. Midface Distraction: Orthodontic Considerations
158. Introduction
159. Preoperative Evaluation
160. Diagnostic Records
161. Predistraction Orthodontic Therapy
162. Splint Construction for LeFort III or Monobloc Distraction: Traditional
163. Splint Construction for LeFort III or Monobloc Distraction: Rigid
164. Orthodontic Therapy During Activation
165. Control of the Position of the Osteotomized LeFort III
166. Outcomes
167. Skeletal Changes
168. Comparison Between Traditional (Acute) and Distraction Midface Procedure
169. Soft Tissue Changes Following Distraction
170. Five-Year Follow-Up
171. Airway Changes Following Distraction
172. References
173. Distraction of the Cranial Vault
174. Introduction
175. Benefits and Mechanisms of Cranial Vault Distraction
176. Mechanism of Ossification
177. Device Selection
178. Springs
179. Magnetism
180. Posterior Vault Expansion
181. Surgical Technique
182. Middle Vault Expansion
183. Surgical Technique
184. Anterior Vault Expansion
185. Unicoronal Craniosynostosis (UCS)
186. Surgical Technique
187. Metopic Craniosynostosis
188. Surgical Technique
189. Total Cranial Vault Expansion
190. Complications

Author Biography

Joseph G. McCarthy has been Lawrence D. Bell Professor of Plastic Surgery at NYU Langone Medical Center since 1981. From 1981 to 2013 he was Director of the Institute of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery at the Center, and between 2010 and 2013 he was also Chair of the Department of Plastic Surgery. Professor McCarthy’s principal professional interest has been reconstructive plastic surgery of the face and he pioneered the concept of craniofacial distraction. During his career, Professor McCarthy has trained more than 100 plastic surgery residents and 25 fellows in craniofacial surgery. He has been president of the International Society of Craniofacial Surgery, the Association of Academic Chairmen in Plastic Surgery, the Northeastern Society of Plastic Surgeons, and the American Association of Plastic Surgeons. He has been the recipient of numerous honors, including the highest awards of the major plastic surgery organizations. In 2003 the University of Zurich presented him with the Surgical Pioneer Award and in 2010 he received a Lifetime Achievement Award from the American Society of Maxillofacial Surgeons. Professor McCarthy has also championed the cause of patients with facial deformity. He has been a member of the Board of Trustees of the National Foundation for Facial Reconstruction and was Founding Chairman of the Medical Advisory Board of Smile Train. He is the author of almost 300 papers in peer-reviewed journals as well as more than 120 book chapters and has edited or co-edited six previous books.