Foundations of Radiation Hydrodynamics

Description

Radiation hydrodynamics is a broad subject that cuts across many disciplines in physics and astronomy: fluid dynamics, thermodynamics, statistical mechanics, kinetic theory, and radiative transfer, among others. The theory developed in this book by two specialists in the field can be applied to the study of such diverse astrophysical phenomena as stellar winds, supernova explosions, and the initial phases of cosmic expansion, as well as the physics of laser fusion and reentry vehicles. As such, it provides students with the basic tools for research on radiating flows.

Largely self-contained, the volume is divided into three parts: Chapters 1 to 5 focus on the dynamics of non-radiating fluids and then consider applications of a few astrophysically interesting problems concerning waves, shocks, and stellar winds. The second part of the book — Chapters 5 to 8 — deals with the physics of radiation, radiation transport, and the dynamics of radiating fluids, emphasizing the close relationship of radiation hydrodynamics to ordinary fluid dynamics. Part 3 comprises a short appendix on tensor calculus, explaining the use of tensor concepts in writing equations that allow a simple transition from ordinary fluids to relativistic fluids to radiation.

Combining relevant material scattered widely among a large number of books, journal papers, and technical reports, this volume will be of immense value to students and researchers in many fields.

Table of Contents

1. Microphysics of Gases
2. Thermodynamics
3. Equation of State of a Perfect Gas
4. First Law of Thermodynamics
5. Second Law of Thermodynamics
6. Thermal Properties of a Perfect Gas
7. Some Consequences of the Combined First and Second Laws
8. Kinetic Theory
9. The Distribution Function and Boltzmann’s Equation
10. The Collision Integral
11. The Maxwellian Velocity Distribution
12. Boltzmann’s H-Theorem
13. The Time of Relaxation
14. Classical Statistical Mechanics
15. Thermodynamic Probability and Entropy
16. Boltzmann Statistics
17. Ionization
18. Thermodynamic Properties of Ionizing Hydrogen
19. Dynamics of Idea Fluids
20. Kinematics
21.  Velocity and Acceleration
22. “Particle Paths, Streamlines, and Streaklines”
23. The Euler Expansion Formula
24. The Reynolds Transport Theorem
25. The Equation of Continuity
26. Vorticity and Circulation
27. The Cauchy-Stokes Decomposition Theorem
28. Equations of Motion and Energy
29. The Stress Tensor
30. The Momentum Equation
31. The Energy Equation
32. Dynamics of Viscous and Heat-Conducing Fluids
33. Equations of Motion and Energy: The Continuum View
34. The Stress Tensor for a Newtonian Fluid
35. The Navier-Stokes Equations
36. The Energy Equation
37. Similarity Parameters
38. Equations of Motion and Energy: The Kinetic Theory View
39. The Mean Free Path and Transport Phenomena
40. Moments of the Boltzmann Equation
41. Conservation Equations for Equilibrium Flow
42. The Chapman-Enskog Solution for Nonequilibrium Flow
43. Evaluation of the Transport Coefficients
44. Relativistic Fluid Flow
45. Basic Concepts of Special Relativity
46. The Relativity Principle
47. The Lorentz Transformation
48. Relativistic Kinematics of Point Particles
49. Relativistic Dynamics of Point Particles
50. Relativistic Dynamics of Ideal Fluids
51. Kinematics
52. The Equation of Continuity
53. The Material Stress-Energy Tensor
54. The Four-Force Density
55. The Dynamical Equations
56. The Kinetic Theory View
57. Relativistic Dynamics of Nonideal Fluids
58. Kinematics
59. The Stress-Energy Tensor
60. The Energy Equation
61. The Equations of Motion
62. “Waves, Shocks, and Winds”
63. Acoustic Waves
64. The Wave Equation
65. Propagation of Acoustic Waves
66. Wave Energy and Momentum
67. Dampting of Acoustic Waves by Conduction and Viscosity
68. Acoustic-Gravity Waves
69. The Wave Equation and Wave Energy
70. Propagation of Acoustic -Gravity Waves in an Isothermal Medium
71. Propagation of Acoustic-Gravity Waves in a Stellar Atomsphere
72. Shock Waves
73. The Development of Shocks
74. Steady Shocks
75. Shock Structure
76. Propagation of Weak Shocks
77. Numerical Methods
78. Propagating Strong Shocks
79. Thermally Driven Winds
80. Basic Model
81. Physical Complications
82. Radiation and Radiative Transfer
83. The Radiation Field
84. The Specific Intensity and Photon Distribution Function
85. The Mean Intensity and Radiation Energy Density
86. The Radiative Energy Flux and Momentum Density
87. The Radiation Pressure Tensor
88. Thermal Radiation
89. Planck’s Law
90. Stefan’s Law
91. Thermodynamics of Equilibrium Radiation
92. Thermodynamics of Equilibrium Radiation Plus a Perfect Gas
93. Thermodynamics of Equilibrium Radiation Plus an Ionizing Gas
94. The Interaction of Radiation and Matter
95. “Absorption, Emission, and Scattering”
96. The Einstein Relations
97. The Einstein-Milne Relations
98. Opacity and Emission Coefficients
99. The Equation of Transfer
100. Derivation of the Transfer Equation
101. Optical Depth and Source Function
102. Moments of the Transfer Equation
103. Solution of the Transfer Equation
104. Formal Solution
105. The Diffusion Limit
106. The Wave Limit
107. “The Grey Atmosphere, Mean Opacities, and Multigroup Methods”
108. Numerical Methods
109. Statistical Equilibrium in the Presence of a Radiation Field
110. The Microscopic Implications of LTE
111. Non-LTE Rate Equations
112. Thermal Properties of a Nonequilibrium Gas
113. Solution of the Coupled Transfer and Statistical Equilibrium Equations in Static Media
114. The Two-Level Atom
115. The Complete Linearization Method
116. The Equations of Radiation Hydrodynamics
117. Lorentz Transformation of the Transfer Equation
118. The Photon Four-Momentum
119. “Transformation Laws for the Specific Intensity, Opacity, and Emissivity”
120. The Radiation Stress-Energy Tensor and Four-Force Vector
121. Covariant Form of the Transfer Equation
122. The Dynamical Equations for a Radiating Fluid
123. The Inertial-Frame Transfer Equation for a Moving Fluid
124. Inertial-Frame Equations of Radiation Hydrodynamics
125. The Comoving-Frame Equation of Transfer
126. Comoving-Frame Equations of Radiation Hydrodynamics
127. Solution of the Equations of Radiation Hydrodynamics
128. Radiation Diffusion Methods
129. Transport Solution in the Comoving Frame
130. Transport Solution by Mixed-Frame and VERA-Code Methods
131. Radiating Flows
132. Small-Amplitude Disturbances
133. Radiative Dampting of Temperature Fluctuations
134. Propagation of Acoustic Waves in a Radiating Fluid
135. Propagation of Acousitc-Gravity Waves in a Radiating Fluid
136. Nonlinear Flows
137. Thermal Waves
138. Steady Shocks
139. Propagating Shocks
140. Ionization Fronts
141. Radiation-Driven Winds
142. Appendix: Elements of Tensor Calculus
143. A1. Notation
144. A2. Cartesian Tensors
145. A3. General Tensors
146. Glossary of Physical Symbols
147. Index