Grainger & Allison’s Diagnostic Radiology (7th Edition)

Description

Master the information you need to know for practice and prepare for certification or recertification with a succinct, comprehensive account of the entire spectrum of imaging modalities and their clinical applications. Throughout six outstanding editions, Grainger and Allison’s Diagnostic Radiology has stood alone as the single comprehensive reference on general diagnostic radiology. Now in two succinct volumes, the 7th Edition of this landmark text continues to provide complete coverage of all currently available imaging techniques and their clinical applications – the essential information you need to succeed in examinations and understand current best practices in radiological diagnosis.

Key Features

• Organizes content along an organ and systems basis, covering all diagnostic imaging techniques in an integrated, correlative fashion, with a focus on the topics that matter most to a trainee radiologist in the initial years of training.
• Contains more than 4,000 high-quality illustrations that enhance and clarify the text.
• Features an expanded section on cardiac imaging to reflect major developments in cardiac MRI, including 3D ultrasound, PET, and SPECT.
• Integrates functional and molecular imaging throughout each section, and includes the latest image-guided biopsy and ablation techniques.
• Provides an ideal resource for written, oral, and re-certifying board study as well as for a clinical practice refresher on topics that may have been forgotten.
• Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.

Table of Contents

1. Cover image
2. Table of Contents
3. Copyright
4. Contents
5. Preface
6. List of Section Editors
7. List of Contributors
8. Dedication
9. Section A: The Chest and Cardiovascular System
   1. 1: Current Status of Thoracic Imaging
   2. Abstract
   3. Chest Radiography
   4. Computed Tomography of the Thorax
   5. Ultrasound
   6. Magnetic Resonance Imaging
   7. Radionuclide Imaging
   8. 2: The Normal Chest
   9. Abstract
   10. The Lungs
   11. The Central Airways
   12. The Lungs Beyond the Hila
   13. The Hila
   14. The Mediastinum
   15. The Diaphragm
   16. 3: The Chest Wall, Pleura, Diaphragm and Intervention
   17. Abstract
   18. The Chest Wall
   19. The Pleura
   20. Diaphragm
   21. 4: The Mediastinum, Including the Pericardium
   22. Abstract
   23. Mediastinal Diseases
   24. Pericardium
   25. Acknowledgement
   26. 5: Pulmonary Infection in Adults
   27. Abstract
   28. Types of Pneumonias
   29. Clinical Utility and Limitations of Chest Radiography and Computed Tomography
   30. Patterns of Pulmonary Infection
   31. Complications of Pneumonia
   32. Integrating Clinical and Imaging Findings
   33. Changing Spectrum of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infections: 40 Years Later
   34. Parasitic Infections
   35. 6: Large Airway Disease and Chronic Airflow Obstruction
   36. Abstract
   37. Introduction
   38. Tracheal Disorders
   39. Bronchiectasis
   40. Broncholithiasis
   41. Obliterative (Constrictive) Bronchiolitis
   42. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
   43. Asthma
   44. 7: Pulmonary Lobar Collapse: Essential Considerations
   45. Abstract
   46. Mechanisms and Causes of Lobar Collapse
   47. Radiographic Considerations
   48. Computed Tomography of Lobar Collapse
   49. Other Imaging Techniques in Lobar Collapse
   50. Patterns of Lobar Collapse
   51. 8: Pulmonary Neoplasms
   52. Abstract
   53. Histopathology
   54. Pulmonary Sarcoma and Other Primary Malignant Neoplasms
   55. Benign Pulmonary Tumours
   56. Benign Lymphoproliferative Disorders
   57. Malignant Lymphoproliferative Disorders
   58. Metastases
   59. 9: High-Resolution Computed Tomography of Interstitial and Occupational Lung Disease
   60. Abstract
   61. High-Resolution Computed Tomography Patterns of Diffuse Lung Disease
   62. Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias
   63. Sarcoidosis
   64. Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
   65. Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
   66. Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
   67. Connective Tissue Diseases
   68. Systemic Vasculitides
   69. Drug-Induced Lung Disease
   70. Occupational Lung Disease
   71. 10: Thoracic Trauma and Related Topics
   72. Abstract
   73. Thoracic Trauma
   74. Thoracic Imaging in the Intensive Care Patient
   75. Post-Surgical Imaging in the Chest
   76. 11: Airspace Diseases
   77. Abstract
   78. Introduction
   79. Suggested Approach to the Radiological Diagnosis of Airspace Diseases
   80. Pulmonary Oedema
   81. Diffuse Pulmonary Haemorrhage
   82. Organising Pneumonia
   83. Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
   84. Alveolar Microlithiasis
   85. 12: Cardiac Anatomy and Imaging Techniques
   86. Abstract
   87. Normal Chest Radiography
   88. Cardiac Magnetic Resonance
   89. Computed Tomography Imaging Techniques
   90. Echocardiography
   91. Acknowledgement
   92. 13: Congenital Heart Disease: General Principles and Imaging
   93. Abstract
   94. Specific Lesions
   95. Conclusion
   96. 14: Nonischaemic Acquired Heart Disease
   97. Abstract
   98. Role of Imaging
   99. Cardiomyopathies
   100. Valvular Heart Disease
   101. Tumours of the Heart
   102. Malignant Cardiac Tumours
   103. Pericardial Diseases
   104. 15: Ischaemic Heart Disease
   105. Abstract
   106. Introduction
   107. Pathophysiology of Ischaemic Heart Disease
   108. Coronary Artery Imaging
   109. Functional Imaging
   110. Stress Imaging
   111. Myocardial Infarct Imaging
   112. Myocardial Viability Imaging
   113. Imaging of Complications Related to Ischaemic Heart Disease
   114. Prognosis Assessment in Ischaemic Heart Disease
   115. Role of Conventional Chest Radiography in Ischaemic Heart Disease
   116. Differential Diagnosis in Ischaemic Heart Disease
   117. 16: Pulmonary Circulation and Pulmonary Thromboembolism
   118. Abstract
   119. Pulmonary Circulation
   120. Pulmonary Thomboembolic Disease
   121. Conclusion
   122. Acknowledgements
   123. 17: The Thoracic Aorta: Diagnostic Aspects
   124. Abstract
   125. The Normal Aorta
   126. Diagnostic Aspects
   127. Acquired Aortic Abnormalities
   128. Congenital Aortic Abnormalities
10. Section B: Abdominal Imaging
    1. 18: Current Status of Imaging of the Gastrointestinal Tract
    2. Abstract
    3. Plain Abdominal Radiograph and Interpretation
    4. Abnormal Gas Distribution
    5. Dilatation of Bowel
    6. Abnormal Bowel Wall Pattern
    7. Acute Abdominal Inflammatory Conditions
    8. Imaging the Abdomen With Computed Tomography: Radiation Issues
    9. Automatic Tube Current Modulation
    10. Iterative Reconstruction Algorithms
    11. Role of MRI in the Acute Abdomen
    12. Radiation Dose Reduction in Clinical Practice
    13. 19: The Oesophagus
    14. Abstract
    15. Anatomy and Function
    16. Examination
    17. Pathological Features
    18. 20: The Stomach
    19. Abstract
    20. Anatomy
    21. Radiological Techniques
    22. Cross-Sectional Imaging
    23. Gastric Pathology
    24. Neoplastic Diseases
    25. Miscellaneous Conditions
    26. The Postoperative Stomach
    27. Advances in Gastric Imaging
    28. 21: The Small Intestine, Mesentery and Peritoneal Cavity
    29. Abstract
    30. The Duodenum
    31. Disorders of the Duodenum
    32. The Small Intestine
    33. Disorders of the Small Intestine
    34. The Peritoneal Cavity, Mesentry and Omentum
    35. Neoplastic Diseases
    36. 22: The Large Bowel
    37. Anatomy
    38. Radiological Investigation
    39. Tumours
    40. Diverticulitis
    41. Epiploic Appendagitis
    42. Colitis
    43. Other Common Causes of Colitis
    44. Miscellaneous Conditions
    45. Functional Disorders of the Anorectum
    46. Anal Fistula
    47. 23: The Liver and Spleen
    48. Abstract
    49. Liver
    50. Liver Imaging Techniques
    51. Diffuse Disease
    52. Spleen
    53. 24: The Biliary System
    54. Abstract
    55. Biliary Anatomy
    56. Methods of Investigation
    57. Disorders of the Gallbladder
    58. Role of Radiology in Investigation of Jaundice
    59. Benign Bile Duct Pathology
    60. Neoplastic Bile Duct Pathology
    61. Interventional Techniques
    62. 25: The Pancreas
    63. Abstract
    64. Embryology
    65. The Normal Pancreas
    66. Congenital Anomalies
    67. Pancreatitis
    68. Acute Pancreatitis
    69. Chronic Pancreatitis
    70. Pancreatic Neoplasms
    71. Multisystem Diseases With Involvement of the Pancreas
    72. Trauma
    73. Pancreatic Transplant Imaging
    74. Interventional Radiology
    75. 26: Common Uroradiological Referrals: Haematuria, Loin Pain, Renal Failure and Infection
    76. Abstract
    77. Haematuria
    78. Loin Pain
    79. Renal Failure
    80. Infection
    81. 27: Current Status of Imaging of the Urinary Tract: Imaging Techniques, Overview of Anatomy and Radiation Issues
    82. Abstract
    83. Introduction
    84. Anatomy of the Urinary Tract
    85. Techniques
    86. Radiation Issues
    87. Conclusion
    88. 28: Benign Upper Urinary Tract Conditions: Congenital Anomalies, Cysts, Calculi, Nephrocalcinosis
    89. Abstract
    90. Congenital Anomalies
    91. Cysts
    92. Calculi
    93. Nephrocalcinosis
    94. 29: Renal Masses: Imaging and Biopsy
    95. Abstract
    96. Methods of Analysis
    97. Benign Renal Masses
    98. Neoplastic Renal Masses
    99. 30: Renal Transplantation: Imaging
    100. Abstract
    101. History of Transplantation
    102. Surgical Technique
    103. Radiological Techniques
    104. Vascular Complications: Early
    105. Vascular Complications: Intermediate to Late
    106. Nephrogenic Complications
    107. Renal Transplant Biopsy
    108. Use of Isotope Studies and Renal Transplant
    109. Radiological Evaluation of Potential Donor Kidneys
    110. 31: Urothelial Cell Cancer, Upper Tract and Lower Tract
    111. Abstract
    112. Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma
    113. Conclusions and Summary
    114. Bladder Cancer
    115. 32: Prostate
    116. Abstract
    117. Introduction
    118. Anatomy
    119. Risk Stratification
    120. Detection and Localisation
    121. Prostate Imaging—Reporting and Data System
    122. Magnetic Resonance Sequences
    123. Benign Findings
    124. Staging
    125. Nodal Staging
    126. Non-Nodal Metastases
    127. Local Disease Stage
    128. Post-Treatment Evaluation
    129. Prostate Biopsy
    130. 33: The Male Reproductive Structures
    131. Abstract
    132. Scrotal Masses
    133. Male Infertility
    134. 34: Gynaecological Imaging in Oncology
    135. Abstract
    136. Imaging Techniques
    137. Endometrial Carcinoma
    138. Carcinoma of the Cervix
    139. Ovarian Carcinoma
    140. Conclusion
    141. Acknowledgements
    142. 35: Benign Gynaecological Disease
    143. Abstract
    144. Imaging Techniques
    145. Congenital Anomalies of the Female Genital Tract
    146. Benign Uterine Conditions
    147. Pelvic Pain
    148. Benign Ovarian Conditions
    149. Vaginal Cysts
    150. Pelvic Floor Dysfunction
    151. Infertility and Pregnancy-Related Imaging
    152. 36: Genitourinary Tract Trauma
    153. Abstract
    154. Introduction
    155. Renal Trauma
    156. Ureteral Injury
    157. Bladder Injury
    158. Urethral Injury
    159. Scrotal Injury
    160. Penile Injuries
    161. 37: Adrenal Imaging
    162. Abstract
    163. The Adrenal Glands
    164. Conclusion
11. Section C: The Musculoskeletal System
    1. 38: Current Status of Imaging of The Musculoskeletal System
    2. Abstract
    3. Introduction
    4. Conventional Radiography
    5. Ultrasound
    6. Computed Tomography
    7. Magnetic Resonance Imaging
    8. Nuclear Medicine
    9. Arthrography
    10. 39: Internal Derangements of Joints: Upper and Lower Limbs
    11. Abstract
    12. Introduction
    13. The Shoulder
    14. The Acromioclavicular Joint
    15. The Sternoclavicular Joint
    16. The Elbow
    17. Hand and Wrist
    18. The Hip
    19. The Knee
    20. The Ankle and Foot
    21. 40: Bone Tumours (1): Radiological Approach, Benign Tumours and Tumour-Like Lesions of Bone
    22. Abstract
    23. General Characteristics of Bone Tumours
    24. Benign Bone Tumours
    25. 41: Bone Tumours (2): Radiological Approach, Malignant Bone Tumours
    26. Abstract
    27. Introduction
    28. Bone Metastases
    29. Primary Malignant Neoplasms of Bone
    30. 42: Soft-Tissue Tumours
    31. Abstract
    32. World Health Organisation Classification of Soft-Tissue Tumours
    33. Acknowledgement
    34. 43: Metabolic and Endocrine Skeletal Disease
    35. Abstract
    36. Bone Physiology and Pathophysiology
    37. Osteoporosis
    38. Parathyroid Disorders
    39. Rickets and Osteomalacia
    40. Sclerosing Bone Diseases and Other Bone Disorders
    41. Miscellaneous
    42. 44: Arthritis
    43. Abstract
    44. Imaging of Joint Disease
    45. Osteoarthritis
    46. The Inflammatory Arthritides
    47. 45: Appendicular and Pelvic Trauma
    48. Abstract
    49. Introduction
    50. Fracture Types
    51. The Shoulder
    52. Acromio-Clavicular Joint
    53. The Elbow
    54. The Wrist
    55. Pelvic and Acetabular Fractures
    56. The Knee
    57. The Ankle
    58. Foot Injuries
    59. 46: Bone, Joint and Spinal Infections
    60. Abstract
    61. Introduction
    62. Epidemiology
    63. Classification
    64. Paediatric Musculoskeletal Infections
    65. Adult Musculoskeletal Infections
    66. Diabetic Foot
    67. Septic Arthritis
    68. Musculoskeletal Tuberculosis
    69. Unusual Musculoskeletal Infections
    70. Differential Diagnosis
    71. Management
    72. Spinal Infection
12. Section D: The Spine
    1. 47: Current Status of Imaging of the Spine and Anatomical Features
    2. Abstract
    3. Anatomy
    4. Imaging Techniques
    5. 48: Degenerative Disease of the Spine
    6. Abstract
    7. Introduction
    8. Degenerative Disc Disease
    9. Pathology of the Posterior Elements
    10. Degenerative Spinal Stenosis
    11. Degenerative Scoliosis
    12. 49: Spinal Tumours
    13. Abstract
    14. Radiological Investigations in Spinal Tumours
    15. Classification of Spinal Tumours
    16. 50: Non-Tumoural Spinal Cord Lesions
    17. Abstract
    18. Inflammatory Disease
    19. Demyelinating Polyneuropathies
    20. Vascular Diseases
    21. Developmental and Cyst-Like Lesions
    22. Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases
    23. 51: Postoperative Spine
    24. Abstract
    25. Introduction
    26. Principles of Spinal Surgery
    27. Imaging Techniques in Postoperative Spine
    28. Intraoperative and Perioperative Complications
    29. Early Complications
    30. Late Complications
    31. 52: Spinal Trauma
    32. Abstract
    33. Imaging Techniques and Evaluation
    34. Specific Injury Patterns
13. Section E: Neuroimaging
    1. 53: Current Status of Imaging of the Brain and Anatomical Features
    2. Abstract
    3. Introduction
    4. Anatomy of the Brain and Vascular System
    5. Brain Anatomy
    6. Cerebral Vasculature
    7. Techniques for Imaging the Brain and Cerebral Vasculature
    8. 54: Imaging of Head Trauma
    9. Abstract
    10. Introduction
    11. Modality and Technique
    12. Mechanism of Injury
    13. Primary Injury
    14. 55: Benign and Malignant Intracranial Tumours in Adults
    15. Abstract
    16. Radiological Investigations in Intracranial Tumours
    17. Intra-Axial Tumours
    18. Extra-Axial Tumours
    19. 56: Neurovascular Diseases
    20. Abstract
    21. Non-Traumatic Intracranial Haemorrhage
    22. 57: Intracranial Infections
    23. Abstract
    24. Bacterial Infections
    25. Fungal Infections
    26. Viral Infections
    27. Parasitic Infections
    28. 58: Inflammatory and Metabolic Disease
    29. Abstract
    30. Inflammatory-Demyelinating Disorders of the Central Nervous System
    31. Primary and Secondary Vasculitis
    32. Neurosarcoidosis
    33. Behçet Disease
    34. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
    35. Metabolic and Toxic Disorders in the Adult
    36. Drug-Induced Encephalopathies
    37. Other Intoxications
    38. Metabolic Encephalopathy
    39. Acknowledgements
    40. 59: Neurodegenerative Diseases and Epilepsy
    41. Abstract
    42. Ageing and Dementia—Introduction and Clinical Overview
    43. Normal Ageing Phenomena in the Brain
    44. Dementia—Imaging Approach
    45. Alzheimer Disease and Other Primary Neurodegenerative Dementias
    46. Vascular Dementia
    47. Rapidly Progressive and Other Atypical Dementias
    48. Parkinson Disease and Related Disorders
    49. Epilepsy
    50. Epilepsy—Imaging Approach
    51. 60: The Orbit
    52. Abstract
    53. The Retro-Orbital Visual Pathway
    54. 61: Head and Neck Radiology
    55. Abstract
    56. Introduction
    57. The Ear
    58. The Sinonasal Region
    59. The Oral Cavity
    60. The Salivary Glands
    61. Fractures of the Facial Skeleton
    62. The Temporomandibular Joint
    63. The Suprahyoid Neck
    64. The Infrahyoid Neck
    65. Cervical lymph nodes
    66. Acknowledgements
14. Section F: Oncological Imaging
    1. 62: Introduction to Oncological Imaging
    2. Abstract
    3. Imaging Techniques for Cancer Imaging
    4. Diagnosis and Imaging
    5. Staging
    6. Assessment of Treatment Response
    7. Surveillance and Restaging
    8. Conclusion
    9. 63: The Breast
    10. Abstract
    11. Mammographic Techniques
    12. Ultrasound
    13. Normal Breast Anatomy
    14. Breast Pathology
    15. Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging
    16. Nuclear Medicine Techniques
    17. Interventional Breast Radiology
    18. Breast Cancer Screening Programmes
    19. Conclusion
    20. 64: Reticuloendothelial Disorders: Lymphoma
    21. Abstract
    22. Epidemiology
    23. Histopathological Classification
    24. Staging, Investigation and Management
    25. Lymph Node Disease in Lymphoma
    26. Extranodal Disease in Lymphoma
    27. Lymphoma in the Immunocompromised
    28. Monitoring Response to Therapy
    29. Surveillance and Detection of Relapse
    30. Conclusion
    31. 65: Bone Marrow Disorders: Haematological Neoplasms
    32. Abstract
    33. Myeloproliferative Neoplasms
    34. Haematologic Malignancies
    35. Lymphoma
    36. Plasma Cell Dyscrasias
    37. Miscellaneous Conditions
    38. 66: Bone Marrow Disorders: Non-Neoplastic Conditions
    39. Abstract
    40. Disorders of Red Cells
    41. The Myelodysplastic Syndromes
    42. The Haemoglobinopathies
    43. Disorders of Blood Coagulation
    44. 67: Imaging for Radiotherapy Planning
    45. Abstract
    46. Types of Radiotherapy
    47. The Radiotherapy Pathway
    48. Image-Guided Radiotherapy
    49. Functional Imaging in the Radiotherapy Process
    50. Radiomics
    51. Conclusion
    52. 68: Functional and Molecular Imaging for Personalized Medicine in Oncology
    53. Abstract
    54. Personalised Medicine in Oncology
    55. Dynamic Contrast Enhanced-Computed Tomography
    56. Magnetic Resonance Imaging
    57. Positron Emission Tomography
    58. Emerging Molecular Imaging Techniques and Theranostics
    59. Conclusion: Role of Functional and Molecular Imaging in Oncology
15. Section G: Paediatric Imaging
    1. 69: Current Status of Paediatric Imaging
    2. Abstract
    3. Projection Radiography
    4. Fluoroscopy
    5. Ultrasound
    6. Computed Tomography
    7. Magnetic Resonance Imaging
    8. Nuclear Medicine
    9. 70: The Neonatal and Paediatric Chest
    10. Abstract
    11. The Neonatal Chest
    12. The Chest in Older Children
    13. New techniques in paediatric respiratory imaging
    14. 71: Paediatric Abdominal Imaging
    15. Abstract
    16. Introduction
    17. The Infant and Older Child
    18. The Immunocompromised Child
    19. Abdominal Manifestations of Cystic Fibrosis
    20. Abdominal Trauma
    21. The Liver
    22. Biliary System
    23. Pancreas
    24. Spleen
    25. 72: Imaging of the Kidneys, Urinary Tract and Pelvis in Children
    26. Abstract
    27. Congenital Anomalies
    28. Antenatal Diagnosis of Pelvicalyceal and/or Ureteral Distention
    29. Renal Cystic Disease
    30. Renal Calculi
    31. Tumours
    32. Hypertension
    33. Trauma
    34. Renal Transplantation
    35. 73: Skeletal Radiology in Children: Non-Traumatic and Non-Malignant
    36. Abstract
    37. Constitutional Disorders of Bone
    38. Localised Disorders of the Skeleton
    39. Neurocutaneous Syndromes
    40. Inflammatory Disorders
    41. Non-Inflammatory Disorders
    42. Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders
    43. Haemoglobinopathies
    44. Storage Disorders
    45. Infection of the Bones and Joints
    46. Acknowledgements
    47. 74: Paediatric Musculoskeletal Trauma and the Radiology of Nonaccidental Injury and Paediatric Factures
    48. Abstract
    49. Physeal Injuries
    50. The Upper Limb
    51. The Lower Limb
    52. Cervical Spinal Injuries
    53. Nonaccidental Injury
    54. Clinical Presentation and the Role of the Radiologist
    55. Injury Patterns
    56. General Imaging Strategies
    57. Skeletal Injury
    58. Brain Injuries
    59. 75: Bone Tumours and Neuroblastoma in Children
    60. Abstract
    61. Bone Tumours
    62. Neuroblastoma
    63. 76: Paediatric Neuroradiology
    64. Abstract
    65. Normal Brain Maturation
    66. Brain Malformations and Developmental Abnormalities
    67. Neurocutaneous Syndromes
    68. Spinal Malformations
    69. Inborn Metabolic Brain Disorders
    70. Craniosynostosis
    71. Neonatal Nasal Obstruction: Nasal Cavity Stenosis/Atresia
    72. Brain Tumours
    73. Cerebrovascular Disease and Stroke
    74. Hypoxic Ischaemic Injury in the Developing Brain
    75. Miscellaneous Acquired Toxic or Metabolic Disease
    76. Intracranial and Intraspinal Infections
    77. Trauma
    78. Hydrocephalus
    79. Summary
16. Section H: Interventional Radiology
    1. 77: Current Status of Imaging for Interventional Procedures
    2. Abstract
    3. Introduction
    4. Computed Tomography Angiography in Clinical Practice
    5. Dual-Energy Computed Tomography Angiography
    6. Magnetic Resonance Angiography in Clinical Practice
    7. Computed Tomography Angiography or Magnetic Resonance Angiography: Safety, Preference and Ease of Use
    8. Imaging in Specific Conditions
    9. Renovascular Hypertension
    10. Assessment of the Mesenteric Vasculature: Acute and Chronic Mesenteric Ischaemia and Acute Gastrointestinal Bleeding
    11. Computed Tomography Angiography for Acute Gastrointestinal Bleeding
    12. Computed Tomography Angiography and Magnetic Resonance Angiography for Pulmonary Embolism
    13. Other Pulmonary Conditions
    14. Diagnosis of Stroke: Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance
    15. Diagnosis of Acute Arterial Wall Dissection
    16. Elucidating the Source of Embolic Stroke
    17. Subclavian Steal Syndrome
    18. Peripheral Vascular Disease
    19. Computed Tomography Angiography
    20. Magnetic Resonance Angiography
    21. Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance for Planning of Percutaneous Biopsy, Abscess Drainage and Tumour Ablation
    22. 78: Angiography: Principles, Techniques and Complications
    23. Abstract
    24. Introduction
    25. Angiographic Technique
    26. Equipment
    27. Closure Devices
    28. Contrast Medium
    29. Complications of Angiography
    30. 79: Aortic Intervention
    31. Abstract
    32. Introduction
    33. Perioperative Management Including Infrastructure and Staffing
    34. Stent-Grafts and Basic Principles of Stent-Grafting
    35. Thoracic Aortic Intervention
    36. Acute Aortic Syndrome
    37. Traumatic Lesions of the Thoracic Aorta
    38. Abdominal Aortic Intervention
    39. Surveillance Imaging and Complications
    40. Endoleak
    41. Device Migration, Dislocation, Kinking and Occlusion
    42. Graft Infection (See Fig. 79.33)
    43. Summary and Conclusion
    44. 80: Peripheral Vascular Disease Intervention
    45. Abstract
    46. Arterial System
    47. Venous System
    48. 81: Image-Guided Biopsy and Ablation Techniques
    49. Abstract
    50. Image-Guided Biopsy
    51. Image-Guided Tumour Ablation
    52. 82: Image-Guided Drainage Techniques
    53. Abstract
    54. Indications and Contraindications
    55. Imaging Guidance
    56. Patient Preparation and Care
    57. Catheter Insertion
    58. Catheter Management
    59. Specific Drainage Techniques
    60. Conclusion
    61. 83: Hepatobiliary Intervention
    62. Abstract
    63. Vascular Interventional Techniques in the Liver
    64. 84: Vascular Genitourinary Tract Intervention
    65. Abstract
    66. Kidney
    67. Trauma Embolisation (Table 84.4)
    68. Prostatic Artery Embolisation
    69. Fibroid Embolisation
    70. Obstetric Haemorrhage
    71. Pelvic Congestion Syndrome
    72. Varicocele
    73. 85: Non-Vascular Genitourinary Tract Intervention
    74. Abstract
    75. Introduction
    76. Percutaneous Renal Access—Important Anatomical Factors
    77. General Equipment for Renal Access
    78. Percutaneous Nephrostomy (PCN)
    79. Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL)
    80. Antegrade Ureteric Stents
    81. Monitoring Ureteric Stents
    82. Balloon Dilatation of Ureteric Strictures
    83. Treatment of Urinary Leaks and Fistulas
    84. Suprapubic Bladder Catherisation
    85. Managing a Non-Deflatable Urinary Catheter Balloon
    86. Percutaneous Cystolithotripsy (PCCL)
    87. Interventional Procedures in the Prostate Gland and Seminal Vesicles
    88. Ablation of Renal Cysts or Lymphoceles
    89. 86: Venous Access and Interventions
    90. Abstract
    91. Introduction
    92. Prior General Assessment
    93. General Patient and Interventional Suite Preparation
    94. Central Venous Catheters
    95. Complications and Their Management
    96. Diagnostic Evaluation
    97. 87: Skeletal Interventions
    98. Abstract
    99. Introduction
    100. Image-Guided Bone Biopsy
    101. Spinal Infiltration Procedures
    102. Radiofrequency for Pain Management
    103. Percutaneous Discectomy
    104. Percutaneous Vertebral Augmentation
    105. Osteoplasty and Osteosynthesis
    106. Ablation of Bone Tumours
    107. Embolisation of Bone Tumours
    108. Neuromodulation and Neurostimulation
    109. Index

Authors Biography

Andy Adam

Affiliations and Expertise
Professor of Interventional Radiology Guy’s, King’s and St Thomas’ School of Medicine London, UK
Adrian Dixon

Affiliations and Expertise
Professor of Radiology, Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

Jonathan Gillard

Affiliations and Expertise
Professor of Neuroradiology, University of Cambridge

Cornelia Schaefer-Prokop

Affiliations and Expertise
Professor of Radiology, Meander Medical Centre, Amersfoort, The Netherlands