Hypertension and Cardiac Organ Damage (Practical Case Studies in Hypertension Management)

Description

This book identifies the key determinants in the management of hypertensive outpatients with Cardiac Target Organ Damage. It sheds light on current international guidelines by directly applying them to six representative clinical cases that reflect situations frequently encountered during clinical routine rather than emergencies or rare occurrences. The book enables cardiologists and angiologists alike to gain an overview of the most frequent cardiac dysfunctions related to hypertension: left atrial enlargement, aortic root dilatation, diastolic dysfunction, systolic dysfunction, left and right ventricular enlargement. Each case is illustrated and analyzed in detail – from family and personal history to treatment and follow-up – providing readers with valuable guidance that will help them to select the best suited diagnostic tool and treatment for each patient.

Table of Contents

1. Clinical Case 1: Patient with Hypertension and Left Atrial Enlargement
2. Clinical Case Presentation
3. Family History
4. Clinical History
5. Physical Examination
6. Haematological Profile
7. Blood Pressure Profile
8. 12-Lead Electrocardiogram
9. Vascular Ultrasound
10. Echocardiogram
11. Current Treatment
12. Diagnosis
13. Global Cardiovascular Risk Stratification
14. Treatment Evaluation
15. Prescriptions
16. Follow-Up (Visit 1) at 6 Weeks
17. Physical Examination
18. Blood Pressure Profile
19. Current Treatment
20. Lead Electrocardiogram
21. ECG Holter Monitoring
22. Diagnosis
23. Prescriptions
24. Follow-Up (Visit 2) at 10 Weeks
25. Physical Examination
26. Blood Pressure Profile
27. Haematological Profile
28. Current Treatment
29. Trans-oesophageal Echocardiogram (TEE)
30. Electrical Cardioversion
31. Prescriptions
32. Follow-Up (Visit 3) at 1 Year
33. Physical Examination
34. Blood Pressure Profile
35. Echocardiogram
36. -Lead Electrocardiogram
37. Current Treatment
38. Prescriptions
39. Discussion
40. References
41. Clinical Case 2: Patient with Essential Hypertension and Aortic Root Dilatation
42. Clinical Case Presentation
43. Family History
44. Clinical History
45. Physical Examination
46. Haematological Profile
47. Blood Pressure Profile
48. Lead ECG
49. Echocardiogram
50. Vascular Ultrasound
51. Diagnosis
52. Global Cardiovascular Risk Stratification
53. Treatment Evaluation
54. Prescriptions
55. Follow-Up (Visit 1) at 6 Weeks
56. Physical Examination
57. Lipid Profile
58. Blood Pressure Profile
59. 12 Lead ECG
60. Diagnosis
61. Treatment Evaluation
62. Prescriptions
63. Follow-Up (Visit 2) at 3 Months
64. Physical Examination
65. Blood Pressure Profile
66. Lead Electrocardiogram
67. Echocardiogram
68. CT with Contrast Medium
69. Diagnosis
70. Treatment Evaluation
71. Prescriptions
72. Follow-Up (Visit 3) at 6 Months
73. Physical Examination
74. Blood Pressure Profile
75. Lipid Profile
76. Lead Electrocardiogram
77. Echocardiogram
78. Diagnosis
79. Treatment Evaluation
80. Prescriptions
81. Follow-Up (Visit 4) at 1 Year
82. Physical Examination
83. Haematological Profile
84. Blood Pressure Profile
85. Lead Electrocardiogram
86. Echocardiogram
87. Diagnosis
88. Current Treatment
89. Treatment Evaluation
90. Prescriptions
91. Discussion
92. References
93. Clinical Case 3: Patient with Essential Hypertension and Diastolic Heart Failure
94. Clinical Case Presentation
95. Family History
96. Clinical History
97. Physical Examination
98. Haematological Profile
99. Blood Pressure Profile
100. 12 Lead ECG
101. Chest X-Ray
102. Echo
103. Diagnosis
104. Treatment Evaluation
105. Prescriptions
106. Follow-Up (Visit 1) at 6 Weeks
107. Physical Examination
108. Lipid Profile
109. Blood Pressure Profile
110. Chest X-Ray
111. Diagnosis
112. Treatment Evaluation
113. Prescriptions
114. Follow-Up (Visit 2) at 3 Months
115. Physical Examination
116. Renal Function
117. Treatment Evaluation
118. Prescriptions
119. Follow-Up (Visit 3) at 6 Months
120. Physical Examination
121. Blood Pressure Profile
122. 12 Lead ECG
123. Echo
124. Current Treatment
125. Treatment Evaluation
126. Prescriptions
127. Follow-Up (Visit 4) at 1 Year
128. Physical Examination
129. Haematological Profile
130. Blood Pressure Profile
131. Lead Electrocardiogram
132. Treatment Evaluation
133. Prescriptions
134. Discussion
135. References
136. Clinical Case 4: Patient with Essential Hypertension and Systolic Heart Failure
137. Clinical Case Presentation
138. Family History
139. Clinical History
140. Physical Examination
141. Haematological Profile
142. Blood Pressure Profile
143. Lead Electrocardiogram
144. Chest X-Ray
145. Echocardiography
146. Vascular Ultrasound
147. Diagnosis
148. Treatment Evaluation
149. Prescriptions
150. Follow-Up (Visit 1) at 6 Weeks
151. Physical Examination
152. Lipid Profile
153. Blood Pressure Profile
154. Lead Electrocardiogram
155. Diagnosis
156. Treatment Evaluation
157. Follow-Up (Visit 2) at 3 Months
158. Physical Examination
159. Echo and RM
160. Treatment Evaluation
161. Prescriptions
162. Follow-Up (Visit 3) at 1 Year
163. Physical Examination
164. Haematological Profile
165. Blood Pressure Profile
166. Lead Electrocardiogram
167. ICD Control
168. Chest X-Ray
169. Echocardiography
170. Current Treatment
171. Treatment Evaluation
172. Prescriptions
173. Discussion
174. References
175. Clinical Case 5: Patient with Essential Hypertension and Left Ventricular Enlargement
176. Clinical Case Presentation
177. Family History
178. Clinical History
179. Comorbidities
180. Physical Examination
181. Haematological Profile
182. Blood Pressure Profile
183. 12-Lead ECG
184. Echocardiogram
185. Carotid Ultrasound
186. Current Treatment
187. Diagnosis
188. Global Cardiovascular Risk Stratification
189. Treatment Evaluation
190. Prescriptions
191. Follow-Up (Visit 1) After 6 Weeks
192. Physical Examination
193. Blood Pressure Profile
194. Current Treatment
195. Diagnostic Tests for Organ Damage or Associated Clinical Conditions
196. Diagnosis
197. Global Cardiovascular Risk Stratification
198. Prescriptions
199. Follow-Up (Visit 2) After 3 Months
200. Physical Examination
201. Blood Pressure Profile
202. Current Treatment
203. Stress Test
204. Haematological Profile
205. Prescriptions
206.  Follow-Up (Visit 3) at 1 Year
207. Physical Examination
208. Blood Pressure Profile
209. Haematological Profile
210. 12-Lead ECG
211. Echocardiogram
212. Carotid Ultrasound
213. Current Treatment
214. Prescriptions
215. No Changes
216. Discussion
217. References
218. Clinical Case 6: Patient with Hypertension and Right Ventricular Enlargement
219. Clinical Case Presentation
220. Family History
221. Clinical History
222. Physical Examination
223. Haematological Profile
224. Blood Pressure Profile
225. -Lead ECG
226. Chest X-Ray
227. Echocardiography
228. Vascular Ultrasound
229. Lower Limbs
230. Diagnosis
231. Treatment Evaluation
232. Prescriptions
233. Follow-Up (Visit 1) at 6 Weeks
234. Physical Examination
235. Blood Pressure Profile
236. 12-Lead Electrocardiogram
237. Cardiac Catheterization
238. Diagnosis
239. Treatment Evaluation
240. Follow-Up (Visit 2) at 3 Months
241. Physical Examination
242. Blood Pressure Profile
243. Treatment Evaluation
244. Prescriptions
245. Follow-Up (Visit 3) at 1 Year
246. Physical Examination
247. Haematological Profile
248. Blood Pressure Profile
249. Lead Electrocardiogram
250. Echocardiography
251. Current Treatment
252. Treatment Evaluation
253. Prescriptions
254. 6.5 Discussion
255. References

Author Biography

Raffaele Izzo graduated in Medicine and Surgery from the Second University of Naples and subsequently specialized in Cardiology at the “Federico II” University of Naples, where he attended the Non Invasive Hemodynamic Laboratory at the Hypertension Center and worked on functional endothelial changes in humans.
He was granted a Research Fellowship in Cardiovascular Physiopathology at the “Tor Vegata” University of Rome and he won a National Scholarship at the Italian Society of Hypertension. He is currently an Assistant Professor at the Cardiology department and Chief of the Non Invasive Hemodynamic Laboratory at the Hypertension Center of the “Federico II” University. He has been a member of the Italian Society of Hypertension since 1995, and of the Italian Society of Cardiology since 1996. He is the author of roughly 75 publications and attended as lecturer several international scientific meetings.
His research chiefly focuses on arterial hypertension, on the role of the sympathetic system, and on the regulation and progression of cardiovascular structural changes.