238 Chemistry As Level (Revision Notes)

Description

238 Chemistry As Level (Revision Notes) by Rasheed Ahmed

Key Features

• A Rational Approach to Learn Chemistry Principles
• Notes with Practice Questions

Table of Contents

1. Unit-1: Atoms, Molecules and Stoichiometry
   1. Relative Atomic Mass
   2. Calculations of Empirical/Molecular Formula
   3. Chemical Equations
   4. End of Chapter Past Paper Questions
2. Unit-2: Atomic Structure
   1. Atom
   2. Electronic Configuration
   3. Ionization Energy: HOIE
   4. End of Chapter Past Paper Questions
   5. Chemistry As Level Revision Notes
3. Unit-3: Chemical Bonding
   1. Ionic or Electrovalent Bond
   2. Covalent Bonding:
   3. Coordinate or Dative Covalent Bonding
   4. Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory
   5. Orbital Hybridization
   6. Metallic Bond
   7. Inter Molecular Forces of Attractions
   8. End of chapter past paper questions
4. Unit-4: States of Matter
   1. Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT) of Gases
   2. Kinetic Molecular Model of Liquids
   3. Solids
   4. Macromolecules (Giant Covalent Structure)
   5. Carbon Nanoparticles:
   6. Metallic Lattices:
   7. End of chapter past paper questions
5. Unit-5: Chemical Energetics
   1. Standard Conditions for Standard Enthalpy Changes
   2. Measuring Enthalpy Change of the Reactions
   3. Hess’s law
   4. Activation Energy (Ea)
   5. End of chapter past paper questions
6. Unit-6: Electrochemistry
   1. End of chapter past paper questions
7. Unit-7: Equilibria
   1. Irreversible and Reversible reactions
   2. Le-Chatlier’s Principle
   3. Equilibrium Constant Kc
   4. Haber’s Process of Ammonia Formation
   5. Contact Process of Sulphuric Acid Formation
   6. Bronsted – Lowery Theory of Acids and Bases
   7. End of chapter past paper questions
8. Unit-8: Reaction Kinetics
   1. Rate of Reaction
   2. Boltzmann Distribution Curve and Effect of Temperature on Reaction Rate
   3. Catalysis
   4. Enzymes – Biological Catalyst
   5. End of chapter past paper questions
9. Unit-9: The Periodic Table: Chemical Periodicity
   1. Periodicity of Physical Properties of Third Period Elements
   2. Periodicity of Chemical Properties of Third Period Elements
   3. Reaction of Sodium and Magnesium with Water
   4. End of chapter past paper questions
10. Unit-10: Group 2
    1. General Characteristic Properties of Group II Elements
    2. Behavior of Group II Elements Oxides, Hydroxides and Carbonates
    3. Solubility of Group II Metal Sulphates
    4. End of chapter past paper questions
11. Unit-11: Group 17
    1. General Characteristics
    2. Reaction of Metal Halide with Conc
    3. Disproportion Reaction
12. Unit-12: Nitrogen & Sulphur
    1. Industrial Importance of Ammonia & Its Compounds
    2. Pollution
    3. Oxides of Nitrogen – Air Pollution
13. Unit-13: An Introduction to Organic Chemistry
    1. Classification of Organic Compounds (Structural)
    2. Types of Chemical Formulae
    3. IUPAC Rules of Nomenclature (Assign Name to Organic Substances)
    4. Characteristic Organic Reactions
    5. Isomers
14. Unit-14: Hydrocarbons
    1. Alkanes
    2. Free Radical Substitution Reaction: (characteristic of alkanes-unsaturated)
    3. Alkenes
    4. Addition Reactions
    5. Oxidation of Alkenes
    6. Polymerization
    7. Problems to Dispose of Plastic Wastes
    8. Fractional Distillation of Crude Oil
    9. Cracking of Alkanes
15. Unit-15: Halogen Derivatives
    1. Physical Properties
    2. Reactions of Halogenoalkanes
    3. Uses of Halogenoalkanes
16. Unit-16: Hydroxy Compounds
    1. Physical Properties of Alcohols
    2. Manufacture of Ethanol
    3. Reactions of Alkanols
    4. Distinction between primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols
    5. Tri – Iodo Methane Test
17. Unit-17: Carbonyl Compounds
    1. Preparation of Carbonyl Compounds
    2. Nucleophilic Addition of Hydrogen Cyanide
    3. Test For Carbonyl Compounds
18. Unit-18: Carboxylic Acids & Derivatives
    1. Formation of Carboxylic Acids
    2. Reactions of Carboxylic Acids
    3. Formation of Esters
    4. Commercial Uses of Esters
    5. Infra-red Spectroscopy