Ear, Nose and Throat Simplified (3rd Edition)

Description

This edition, incorporates the recent information on the subject, and yet maintains the classical salient features for which it is known, and remains, a popular textbook. It carries the simple format of the text as well as the diagrams, making it easy to remember and replicate the facts and figures in the examination. The simple style of expression and description makes the learning of the subject easy, interesting and palatable to the young undergraduate students, and even practitioners of medicine as a ready-reckoner. Its flavour lies in its lucid presentation and stardardisation of the format in each chapter. The book prides itself in its content, which though not exhaustive, simply attempts to ‘introduce’ the enchanting world of ENT to the readers, and spur them for further reading. It simultaneously retains its status as a comprehensive textbook which thoroughly covers the undergraduate syllabus. – An ideal textbook for all undergraduate medical students.

Table of Contents

1. Contributors v
2. Preface to the Second Edition vii
3. Preface to the First Edition ix
4. CELL
   1. Cell 2
5. GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY
   1. Intercellular Connection and Communication 10
   2. Transport Across Cell Membrane 11
   3. Membrane Potential 20
   4. Homeostasis 27
6. MUSCLES
   1. Skeletal Muscle 32
   2. Neuromuscular Junction 43
   3. Smooth Muscle 45
7. BLOOD
   1. Composition and Functions 50
   2. Plasma Proteins 51
   3. Blood Volume 52
   4. Red Blood Corpuscles 54
   5. Hemoglobin 61
   6. The Leukocytes 64
   7. Reticuloendothelial System 70
   8. Blood Groups 71
   9. Immunity 74
   10. Platelets 80
   11. Blood Coagulation 83
8. GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT (GIT)
   1. Organization of GIT 88
   2. Secretions of GIT 94
   3. Movements of Gastrointestinal Tract or GI Motility 103
   4. Experimental Evidences in Gastrointestinal Tract 111
   5. Pancreas 112
   6. Liver 114
   7. Digestion and Absorption 121
   8. GI Hormones 127
   9. Contents
   10. Textbook of Physiology
9. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
   1. Cardiovascular System 132
   2. Structure of the Cardiac Muscle 134
   3. Properties of the Cardiac Muscle and Conducting System of Heart 136
   4. Cardiac Cycle 142
   5. Electrocardiogram (ECG) 149. Cardiac Output 156
   6. Heart Rate 161
   7. Hemodynamics (Pressure, Flow and Resistance) 164
   8. Arterial Pulse and Venous Pulse 166
   9. Blood Pressure 168
   10. Circulatory System 174
   11. The Blood Circulation 176
   12. Shock 188
   13. Cardiovascular Responses to Exercise 190
10. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
    1. Respiratory Physiology 192
    2. Pulmonary Circulation 196
    3. Pulmonary Ventilation 199
    4. Pulmonary Volumes and Capacities 204
    5. Ventilation/Perfusion Ratio 206
    6. Diffusion of Gases in the Lungs 208
    7. Transport of Carbon Dioxide 210
    8. Transport of Oxygen 212
    9. Regulation of Respiration 214
    10. Chemical Regulation 217
    11. Respiratory Adjustment during Sleep 220
    12. Respiratory Insufficiency 222
    13. Hypoxia and Oxygen Therapy 223
    14. High Altitude and Space Physiology 225
    15. Deep Sea Physiology 227
    16. Aviation Physiology 229
    17. Artificial Respiration 231
11. EXCRETORY SYSTEM
    1. The Body Fluid Compartments 234
    2. Structure and Functions of Kidney 236
    3. Formation of Urine—Glomerular Filtration 242
    4. Formation of Urine—Tubular Reabsorption and Tubular Secretion 247
    5. Concentration and Dilution of Urine 251
    6. Control of ECF Osmolarity and Sodium Concentration 254
    7. Integration of Renal Mechanisms for Control of Blood Volume and ECF Volume 255
    8. Micturition 256
    9. Diuretics 258
    10. Contents xiii
    11. Applied Aspects 259
    12. Dialysis /Artificial Kidney 260
    13. Renal Function Tests 262
    14. Acid–Base Homeostasis 263
    15. The Skin and its Appendages 269
    16. Body Temperature and its Regulation 270
12. ENDOCRINOLOGY
    1. Introduction 274
    2. Endocrine Pancreas 282
    3. Pituitary Gland 296
    4. Thyroid Gland 311
    5. Adrenal Glands 328
    6. Local Hormones 342
    7. Miscellaneous Hormones 343
13. REPRODUCTION
    1. Introduction 348
    2. Determination of Sex 348
    3. Sex Chromatin (Barr Body) 349
    4. Development of Reproductive System 349
    5. Aberrant Sexual Differentiation 350
    6. Puberty 351
    7. Menopause 352
    8. Structure of Male Reproductive System 353
    9. Structure of Female Reproductive System 361
    10. Genetic Defects 367
    11. Ovarian Hormones 368
    12. Pregnancy, Parturition and Lactation 371
14. CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
    1. Introduction to Nervous System 392
    2. Neuron 394
    3. Neuroglia 397
    4. Nerve Fibers 398
    5. Synapse 402
    6. Neurotransmitters 407
    7. Reflex Action 409
    8. Receptors 413
    9. Physiology of Pain 416
    10. The Spinal Cord 419
    11. Internal Capsule 420
    12. Basal Ganglia 433
    13. Cerebellum 436
    14. Thalamus 441
    15. Hypothalamus 444
    16. Textbook of Physiology
    17. Cerebral Cortex 447
    18. Reticular Formation 454
    19. Limbic System 456
    20. Sleep 457
    21. Electroencephalogram (EEG) 460
    22. Proprioceptors 462
    23. Posture and Equilibrium 467
    24. Vestibular Apparatus 469
    25. Higher Functions of the Nervous System 472
    26. 117. Cerebrospinal Fluid 477
    27. Blood–Brain Barrier (BBB) 479
    28. Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) 480
15. SPECIAL SENSES
    1. Vision 486
    2. Sense of Hearing 501
    3. Smell—Olfaction 512
    4. Taste 516
    5. Index 519

Author Biography

Bachi T Hathiram is currently Professor and Head, Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, Topiwala National Medical College and BYL Nair Charitable Hospital, one of the leading territory healthcare centers run by Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai, India. She has been in this field since almost 30 years and has been PG guide for numerous students. Besides being the author of several international and national peer-reviewed articles/chapters published in journals/textbooks, she has authored two textbooks for trainee doctors and consultants. She is the co-Editor-in-Chief of the international indexed periodical Otorhinolaryngology Clinics, besides being on the editorial/review board of numerous periodicals. She has partaken in various clinical research projects. She has been on board for a number of professional bodies such as Pan Asia Academy of Facial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery (as Director–India), Union for International Cancer Control (as member of review board), the Association of Otorhinolaryngologists of India, Mumbai branch (as President), in addition to being life-member of numerous academic bodies in the country. She has been the recipient of a prestigious fellowship in the UK, and been invited as guest faculty to various international ENT forums conferences and workshops such as the BACO (ENT-UK), CEORL-HNS, IRS and ISIAN, IFOS PARS and recently to the International Conference on Difficult Airway at Izmir (Turkey), in addition to various national, state and regional conferences/workshops in India, having herself organized many of them. She is fellow of Foundation of Advancement in Medical Education and Research (FAIMER), Philadelphia, USA. She has been on the board of examiners of various postgraduate and undergraduate examinations all over India. She has a keen interest in cochlear implants and otology, endoscopic skull base surgery, head and neck oncology, voice and airway surgery, allergy and vertigo, and has made her department a referral center for the same. Her passion for teaching and academics helped her to write this textbook and continue with its editions.

Vicky S Khattar is currently Assistant Professor, Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, Topiwala National Medical College and BYL Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai. Besides being the author of several international and national peer-reviewed articles/chapters published in journals/textbooks, he is the co-Editor-in- Chief of the international indexed periodical Otorhinolaryngology Clinics. He is also the co-author of the reference book Atlas of Operative Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery (2012). He is a member of review board of Union for International Cancer Control, in addition to being life-member of numerous academic bodies in the country. He has been the recipient of a prestigious fellowship in the UK, and been invited as faculty to various international ENT forums, conferences and workshops such as the BACO (ENT-UK), CEORL-HNS, IRS and ISIAN, IFOS, PARS, in addition to various national, state and regional conferences/workshops in India. He has been on the board of the examiners for various undergraduate examinations all over India. He has a keen interest in voice and airway surgery, endoscopic skull base surgery, head and neck oncology, vertigo, cochlear implants and otology and is keenly interested in clinical research.