Nutrition and Biochemistry for Nurses (2nd Edition)

Description

Nutrition and Biochemistry for Nurses has been designed to meet the requirements of B.Sc. Nursing students. The text has been written keeping in view the curriculum framed by the Nursing Council of India. Besides nursing students, it will also be useful to dental, physiotherapy, occupational therapy and pharmacy students.

Key Features

• Comprehensive and Exhaustive Coverage
• Text presented in short sentences, sometimes fragments, in the form of bulleted points
• Easy-to-read simple language used for ease of comprehension
• Numerous graphics, tables, diagrams and pictures provided wherever needed
• Applied aspects of topics, e.g. recommended dietary allowances (RDAs), cookery rules and preservation of nutrients, balanced diet and role of nurse in nutritional programmes, etc., in nutrition and various investigations in biochemistry provided in sufficient detail
• Chapter in a Nutshell, short summary, appended in the end of every chapter to help the learner quickly revise the chapter’s content
• Exam-oriented exercises provided to help students prepare themselves on the lines of the exam they are going to appear at
• Clinical Applications Boxes—a feature provided to help students comprehend the importance of biochemical information in diagnosis and treatment of clinical problems

What’s New in the Second Edition

• Recent developments in food standards
• Ready reckoner of nutritive values of common foods
• Several chapters revised to provide information on recent trends in clinical biochemistry
• Several chapters revised for better clarity of concepts

Table of Contents

1. Preface to the second edition
2. Preface to the first edition
3. Dedications
4. 1. Nutrition
   1. 1.  Introduction
   2. Terminologies
   3. History of nutrition
   4. National nutritional policy
   5. Role of nutrition in maintaining health
   6. Roles of individual nutrients
   7. Nutritional problems in India
   8. Role of food and its medicinal value
   9. Factors that affect food and nutrition
   10. Food standards
   11. Classification of foods
   12. Elements of nutrition
   13. Recommended dietary allowances (RDAs)
   14. Basal metabolic rate
   15. Chapter in a nutshell
   16. Exercises
   17. Answers
   18. 2.  Carbohydrates
   19. Definition
   20. Classification
   21. Simple sugars
   22. Complex carbohydrates
   23. Calorific value
   24. Functions of carbohydrates
   25. Digestion, absorption and storage
   26. Metabolism of carbohydrates
   27. Deficiency of carbohydrates
   28. Overconsumption
   29. Chapter in a nutshell
   30. Exercises
   31. Answers
   32. 3.  Lipids
   33. Definition
   34. Characteristics or properties
   35. Classification of lipids
   36. Fatty acids
   37. Hydrogenation
   38. Rancidity
   39. Functions of fats
   40. Sources
   41. Fat in food and its link to health
   42. Digestion and absorption
   43. Storage of fats
   44. Recommended dietary allowances
   45. Metabolism
   46. Deficiency
   47. Overconsumption
   48. Chapter in a nutshell
   49. Exercises
   50. Answers
   51. 4.  Proteins
   52. Amino acids
   53. Properties of protein
   54. Classification of proteins
   55. Sources of proteins
   56. Digestion, absorption and transportation
   57. Note for vegetarians
   58. Quality of proteins
   59. Recommended dietary allowances (RDAs)
   60. Digestion of proteins
   61. Metabolism of proteins
   62. Deficiencies
   63. Protein–energy malnutrition (PEM)
   64. Overconsumption
   65. Chapter in a nutshell
   66. Exercises
   67. Answers
   68. 5.  Energy
   69. Introduction
   70. Unit of energy
   71. Energy value of food
   72. Energy requirements for different categories of people
   73. Energy requirements of Indians
   74. Measurements of energy
   75. Calculation of energy requirement for an individual
   76. Energy balance
   77. Obesity
   78. Chapter in a nutshell
   79. Exercises
   80. Answers
   81. 6.  Vitamins
   82. Properties of vitamins
   83. Classification of vitamins
   84. Vitamin deficiencies
   85. Causes of vitamin deficiency
   86. Water-soluble vitamins
   87. Properties of water-soluble vitamins
   88. Fat-soluble vitamins
   89. Properties of fat-soluble vitamins
   90. Recommended allowances for vitamin A
   91. Recommended allowances of B-complex vitamins for Indians
   92. Increase in micronutrient deficiency in population and its link to malnutrition
   93. Hypervitaminosis
   94. Chapter in a nutshell
   95. Exercises
   96. Answers
   97. 7.  Minerals
   98. Definition
   99. Properties
   100. Major minerals
   101. Chapter in a nutshell
   102. Exercises
   103. Answers
   104. 8.  Water and electrolyte balance
   105. Functions of water
   106. Water distribution in the body
   107. Daily requirement
   108. Sources of water
   109. Water loss
   110. Dehydration
   111. Regulation of water in the body
   112. Electrolytes
   113. Functions of electrolytes
   114. Composition of body fluids
   115. Electrolyte balance
   116. Chapter in a nutshell
   117. Exercises
   118. Answers
   119. 9.  Cookery rules and preservation of nutrients
   120. Definition of cooking
   121. Benefits of cooking
   122. Methods of cooking
   123. Preservation of nutrients
   124. Safe food handling and toxicity
   125. Toxicity in foods
   126. Food storage
   127. Food preservation
   128. Food additives
   129. Indian regulations
   130. Chapter in a nutshell
   131. Exercises
   132. Answers
   133. 10.  Balanced diet
   134. Definition
   135. Principles of a balanced diet
   136. Elements of a balanced diet
   137. Dietary guidelines
   138. Balanced diets
   139. Nutrition through the life cycle
   140. Nutrition during pregnancy
   141. Nutrition for the newborn/infant
   142. Nutrition during childhood
   143. Nutrition during adolescence
   144. Nutrition during adulthood
   145. Seniors—special attention to menu planning
   146. Recommended dietary allowances (RDAs)
   147. Exchange lists
   148. Food guide pyramid
   149. Therapeutic diets
   150. Budgeting of food
   151. Chapter in a nutshell
   152. Exercises
   153. Answers
   154. 11.  Role of nurse in nutritional programmes
   155. Assessment of nutritional status
   156. Assessment of nutritional status in a hospital setting
   157. Nutrition education and role of nurse in nutrition education
   158. Role of nurse in nutrition education
   159. National programmes related to nutrition
   160. Agencies working towards food and nutrition
   161. National agencies
   162. Chapter in a nutshell
   163. Exercises
   164. Answers
5. 2. Biochemistry
   1. 12.  Introduction to biochemistry
   2. Biochemistry and disease
   3. Role of biochemistry in nursing
   4. 13.  Cell
   5. Cell and its structure
   6. Prokaryotes and eukaryotes
   7. Microscopy
   8. Chapter in a nutshell
   9. Exercises
   10. Answers
   11. 14.  Cell membrane: Structure, composition and functions
   12. Structure of the cell membrane
   13. Constituents of the cell membrane
   14. Fluid mosaic model of cell membrane
   15. Transport across the cell membrane
   16. Transport mechanisms
   17. Cytoskeleton
   18. Chapter in a nutshell
   19. Exercises
   20. Answers
   21. 15.  Carbohydrates and biological oxidation
   22. Definition
   23. Classification
   24. Monosaccharides
   25. Disaccharides
   26. Polysaccharides
   27. Carbohydrate metabolism
   28. Investigations and interpretations
   29. Electron transport chain and phosphorylation
   30. Chapter in a nutshell
   31. Exercises
   32. Answers
   33. 16.  Lipids
   34. Definition and properties
   35. Classification of lipids
   36. Fatty acids (FAs)
   37. Eicosanoids
   38. Fatty acid metabolism
   39. Triacylglycerols (TAGs/TGs)
   40. TAG metabolism
   41. Steroids
   42. Cholesterol metabolism
   43. Lipoproteins
   44. Lipoprotein metabolism
   45. Adipose tissue metabolism
   46. Investigations and interpretations
   47. Chapter in a nutshell
   48. Exercises
   49. 17.  Proteins, nucleic acids and protein synthesis
   50. Definition
   51. General nature of amino acids
   52. Classification of amino acids
   53. Uncommon amino acids
   54. Properties of amino acids
   55. Peptides
   56. Classification of proteins
   57. Structure of proteins
   58. Properties of proteins
   59. Sequencing of proteins
   60. Plasma proteins
   61. Metabolism of proteins
   62. Fate of amino acid nitrogen
   63. Fate of ammonia
   64. Transcarboxylation
   65. Decarboxylation
   66. Transamidation
   67. Transmethylation
   68. Metabolism of nitrogen
   69. Haem and chlorophyll
   70. Nucleic acids
   71. Protein biosynthesis
   72. Separation techniques
   73. Chapter in a nutshell
   74. Exercises
   75. Answers
   76. 18.  Enzymes
   77. Enzymes, coenzymes and cofactors
   78. Catalytic site and mechanism of action
   79. Classification of enzymes
   80. Specificity
   81. Factors affecting enzyme activity
   82. Michaelis–menten equation
   83. Enzyme inhibition
   84. Allosterism
   85. Isoenzymes
   86. Regulation of enzymes
   87. Clinical enzymology
   88. Chapter in a nutshell
   89. Exercises
   90. Answers
   91. 19.  Iron metabolism
   92. Iron
   93. Haemoglobin
   94. Chapter in a nutshell
   95. Exercises
   96. Answers
   97. 20.  Vitamins
   98. Water-soluble vitamins
   99. Fat-soluble vitamins
   100. Chapter in a nutshell
   101. Exercises
   102. Answers
   103. 21.  Mineral metabolism
   104. Sodium
   105. Potassium
   106. Chloride
   107. Calcium
   108. Phosphorus
   109. Magnesium
   110. Sulphur
   111. Iron
   112. Iodine
   113. Zinc
   114. Copper
   115. Molybdenum
   116. Fluorine
   117. Selenium
   118. Cobalt
   119. Chromium
   120. Manganese
   121. Chapter in a nutshell
   122. Exercises
   123. Answers
   124. 22.  Acid–base balance
   125. Importance of acid–base balance
   126. Buffer systems
   127. Disorders of acid–base homeostasis
   128. Investigations and interpretations
   129. Chapter in a nutshell
   130. Exercises
   131. Answers
   132. 23.  Water and electrolyte balance
   133. Body water (body fluid compartments)
   134. Water balance
   135. Dehydration
   136. Chapter in a nutshell
   137. Exercises
   138. Answers
   139. 24.  Organ function tests
   140. Liver function tests
   141. Renal function tests
   142. Gastric function tests
   143. Pancreatic function tests
   144. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis
   145. Chapter in a nutshell
   146. Exercises
   147. Answers
   148. 25.  Immunochemistry, free radicals and specialized proteins
   149. Immunochemistry
   150. Antigens
   151. Adaptive immunity
   152. Mononuclear phagocytes—macrophages
   153. Cell cytokines
   154. Immunization
   155. Human leukocyte antigen typing
   156. Free radicals
   157. Defence against free oxygen species
   158. Investigations and interpretations
   159. Chapter in a nutshell
   160. Exercises
   161. Answers
   162. Glossary
   163. Abbreviations
   164. Index