143 Economics O Level IGCSE (Revision Notes) By Imran Latif

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143 Economics O Level IGCSE (Revision Notes) By Imran Latif

Table of Contents

1. Unit 1 Basic Economic Problem
   1. Basic Economic Problem
   2. Production Possibility Curve
2. Unit 2 Demand, Supply and Equilibrium
   1. Demand
   2. Supply
   3. Equilibrium
   4. Interdependent Markets & Prices
3. Unit 3 Elasticity
   1. Interpreting the Elasticity Figures
   2. Elasticity of Demand
   3. Price Elasticity of Supply (PES)
4. Unit 4 Production and Cost
   1. Cost of Production
   2. Revenue, Profit, Loss & Break Even
   3. Specialization
   4. Returns To Scale
   5. Economies of Scale
   6. Different Size of Firms and Integration
5. Unit 5 Types of Business Organisations
   1. Multinational Corporations (MNC)
6. Unit 6 Market Structures and Business Objectives
   1. Objectives of Firms
   2. Market Structures
   3. Are Monopolies Always Bad For Consumers?
7. Unit 7 Economic Systems & Allocation of Resources
   1. Types of Industries in an Economy
   2. Basic Economic Questions & Allocation of Resources
   3. Economic Systems
8. Unit 8 Market Failure
   1. Market Failure
   2. Using and Conserving Resources
   3. Public Expenditure Versus Private Expenditure
   4. Comparison of Expenditures By Public and Private Sectors
9. Unit 9 Labour Market
   1. Wage Determination
   2. Trade Union
   3. Role of Trade Union in an Economy
   4. Wage Differentials
   5. Types of Labour Earnings
   6. Factors Affecting Choice of Occupation
   7. Changes in the Earnings of Individuals Over Time
10. Unit 10 Spending, Saving and Borrowing
    1. Income
    2. Spending/Consumption
    3. Savings
    4. Borrowing
    5. Differences in Expenditure Patterns of Different Income Groups
11. Unit 11 Government Microeconomics Intervention
    1. The Government as a Producer and an Employer
    2. Nationalization and Privatization
    3. The Government as an Employer
12. Unit 12 Money and Banking
    1. Money
    2. Banking
    3. Stock Exchange
    4. Economics O Level Notes
13. Unit 13 National Income, Ad & As
    1. Sectors and Types of Economies
    2. Aggregate Demand (AD)
    3. Aggregate Supply (AS)
    4. Interaction of Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply and National Income Equilibrium
    5. Changes in National Income Equilibrium
    6. Business (TRADE) Cycle
    7. Economics O Level Notes
14. Unit 14 Inflation
    1. Measurement of Inflation / Value of Money / Cost of Living
    2. The Causes of Inflation
    3. The Consequences of Inflation
    4. Causes and Consequences of Deflation
    5. Economics O Level Notes
15. Unit 15 Employment and Unemployment
    1. The Causes of Unemployment
    2. Full-Employment / Natural Rate of Unemployment (NRU)
    3. The Consequences of Unemployment
    4. Policies To Correct Unemployment
    5. The Pattern and Trends in (UN)EMPLOYMENT
    6. Economics O Level Notes
16. Unit 16 Economic Growth
    1. Costs and Benefits of Growth
17. Unit 17 Population
    1. Size of Population
    2. Population Pyramids
    3. Ageing Population
    4. Economics O Level Notes
18. Unit 18 Economic Development and Standard of Living
    1. GDP and Standard of Living
    2. Economic Development
    3. Income and Wealth Inequality
    4. The Nature and Causes of Poverty
19. Unit 19 International Trade
    1. Theories of International Trade
    2. Protectionism
    3. The Arguments in Favour of Free Trade and Against Protectionism
    4. The Arguments in Favour of Protectionism and Against Free Trade
20. Unit 20 Exchange Rate
    1. Definitions and Measurement of Exchange Rates
    2. Exchange Rate Systems
    3. Causes of Exchange Rate Depreciation
    4. Causes of Exchange Rate Appreciation
    5. Effects of Depreciation/Devaluation
    6. Effects of Appreciation/Revaluation
    7. Advantages and Disadvantages of Exchange Rate Systems
    8. The Terms of Trade
21. Unit 21 Balance of Payments
    1. Components of the Balance of Payments
    2. Balance of Payment Disequilibrium
    3. Causes of Balance of Payment Disequilibrium
    4. Consequences of a Current Account Deficit and a Current Account Surplus
22. Unit 22 Government Macroeconomic Intervention
    1. Government Macroeconomic Aims
    2. Conflicts Among Macroeconomic Aims